EXSS3062 Week 3 Lecture 1 Flashcards

Movement control

Dependent on sensory afferent information integrated with efferent neural activity.

Afferent information

Sensory input that provides information to the central nervous system regarding movement.

Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO)

Receptors that monitor muscle tension and help prevent excessive strain during muscle contractions.

Joint receptors

Sensory receptors located in joints that detect mechanical deformation and contribute to proprioception.

Efference Copy

An internal model of motor commands that assists in predicting sensory consequences of movements.

Proprioception

The body's ability to sense its position and movement in space, primarily through receptor feedback.

Muscle spindle

Receptors located in muscles that provide information on muscle length and velocity.

Cutaneous receptors

Sensory receptors in the skin that respond to pressure, vibration, and touch.

Vestibular apparatus

Sensory structures that help maintain balance and spatial orientation.

Efferent motor system

Nerve pathways that carry motor commands from the central nervous system to the muscles.

Sensory sources

Receptors that provide information to the CNS about the body's position and movement.

Mechanical transduction

The process through which mechanical changes are converted into neural signals.

Inhibitory reflex

A protective reflex that prevents excessive force from causing injury to muscles and tendons.

Joint position awareness

Sensory information about the position of joints in relation to the body.

Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles

Receptors that detect changes in joint position and signal acceleration.

Pacinian corpuscles

Fast-adapting receptors that respond to rapid changes in movement and pressure.

Ruffini endings

Slow-adapting receptors that provide information about joint position and movement.

Golgi-type endings

Receptors located in ligaments that are sensitive to changes in joint position.

Neural commands

Signals sent from the CNS to initiate muscle contractions and control movement.

Biomechanical constraints

Physical limitations that affect movement and coordination.

Perception

The process of interpreting sensory information to understand the environment.

Cognition

Mental processes that include thinking, reasoning, and decision-making.

Sensory neural firing

The activity of sensory neurons that transmit information about environmental stimuli.

Efferent feedback

Sensory signals that originate from the motor commands sent to the muscles.

Predicted sensory feedback

The anticipated sensations resulting from a planned motor action.

Expected feedback

The anticipated sensory information derived from past experiences.

Movement planning

The process of preparing and organizing physical actions before execution.

Feed-forward model

An internal prediction of sensory feedback based on motor commands and past experiences.

Phantom limb sensation

The perception of feeling in an amputated limb, often due to brain mapping.

Sense of effort

The perception of how much exertion is required to perform an action.

Weight perception

The subjective experience of how heavy an object feels, influenced by motor commands.

Joint range of motion

The extent to which a joint can move and the positions it can achieve.

Intensity and timing

The measurement of the strength of a stimulus and the duration in which it is applied.

Free nerve endings

Nervous system structures that respond to pain and temperature changes.

Neural signaling

The process by which neurons communicate and transmit information.

Haptic perception

The ability to recognize objects through touch and proprioceptive feedback.

Neurosensory input

Data received from sensory receptors that informs the brain about body position and movement.

Motor adaptation

The process of adjusting movements based on sensory feedback and prior experiences.

Somatosensory cortex

The region of the brain responsible for processing sensory inputs from the body.

Cerebellum

The brain region that integrates sensory input with motor commands to coordinate movement.

Firing rates of receptors

How often sensory receptors signal the CNS based on the intensity of the external stimuli.

Cognitive load

The amount of mental effort being used in the working memory.