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Causality
The relationship between cause and effect
Linked with important idea of power
Linking processes to landforms & landscapes
Equilibrium
A state in which forces or influences are balanced
Dynamic equilibrium
The system responds to disturbances but is overall still in equilibrium
Feedback
The process by which the coastal system responds to changing inputs and outputs
Interdependence
The relationship between human activity and coastal landscape systems
Mitigation
Action to reduce/decrease damage before it has happened
Related to coastal management
Adaptation
Action to change to accommodate damage after it has already happened
Related to shoreline plan
Risk
The potential to cause damage
In the context of the extreme weather events associated with anthropogenic climate change on coastal processes and landforms
Resilience
The ability to adapt/recover from adverse events
Related to coastal management in the context of people living in coastal areas
Systems
A group of parts that work together
An example of a system is the cliff sub-system
Thresholds
A factor that complicates the self-regulation of the coastal system- when crossed, it sets irreversible changes in motion
Dynamic open system
A system that has inputs & outputs that is constantly changing
In a state of dynamic equilibrium
Coastal system- inputs
Sediment supply
Tides
Wind
Beach nourishment
Coastal system- stores/transfers
Longshore drift
Transportation methods
Erosion all compounds
Depositional components
Coastal system- outputs
Sediment removed by LSD
Accumulation of sediment above the tidal limit
Dissipation of wave energy
Undersea sinks
Cliff sub-system
The subsystem above the high-tide level (relating to the shoreline)
Inputs of subaerial processes/wind erosion
Transfers of mass movement
Output of sediment at the base of the cliff which is either deposited or is transported by marine processes
Beach sub-system
The subsystem on the shore face
Has an input of sediment from LDS, the cliff and off shore
Transfer of longshore drift
An output of LSD and destructive waves carrying sediment offshore
Process response method
Used when discussing coastal systems
States that the morphology of any coastal landform is a product of the processes operating in the system
Balanced sediment budget equation
Volume of sediment in = volume of sediment store + volume of sediment out
Littoral cells
Units of coastal management where the dominant processes influencing the sediment budget are uniform within a stretch of coastline
Key features of sediment/littoral cells
Discreet and function separately from each other
Geographically bounded by significant changes in the coastline
Sediment is sources, transferred and stored
Over time sub-sinks will erode, and the sediment will re-enter the cell’s system
The amount of sediment available to the sediment cell is called the sediment budget
Sediment cells in England and Wales
11 large cells, which are split up into many smaller sub-cells
South Downs sediment cell- statistics
Drift/transport/flood direction west to east
5000m3 gravel and sand lost round beach head
8km out of 22km of cliff are protected
Ouse and Cuckmere rivers provide 5000m3 of sediment to the east
Adur & Arun rivers provide 2800m3of fluvial sediments to the west
Wave cut platform erosion provides 400m3 of sediment
Dredging causes 32000m3 of loss in Shorham Harbour, and 5000m3 of loss in Brighton Marina
South Downs sediment cell- information
Occupies sub-cell 4D along the Sussex coast of England
Between the cliff headlands of Selsey Bill and Beachy Head
Split in half to the east and west of Brighton Marina, which forms two further sub-cells
Heavily defences beaches
Pebble and fossil beaches with sand exposed at low tide