Chapter 5: Syntax

Ungrammatical

when a string of words do not form a sentence.

grammatical sentence

If substitution results in a(n) ________, the string of words is a constituent.

Cleft

a sentence in which some constituent is displaced to the left.

Grammatical

when a string of words form a meaningful sentence.

Ambiguous linguistic forms

can correspond to more than one expression.

Grammaticality judgement

a reflection of speakers mental grammar.

Adjuncts

optional expressions that can be added without creating a non- sentence.

Phrase structure rules

captures patterns of syntactic combination.

Agreement

distinct expressions that agree with respect to some grammatical feature with the same value.

Linguistic expression

a piece of language with certain form, meaning, and syntactic properties.

Syntax

the component of grammar that deals with how words and phrases are combined into larger phrases.

Substitution

replacing a string of words with a single word.

Word order

how expressions are allowed to be ordered with respect to one another.

Syntactic properties

the restrictions on certain combinations of expressions.

Syntactic constituent

syntactic units that can make up larger phrases in certain groups of expressions.

non sentences

Sentences can contain strange meaning, and ________ can convey ordinary meaning.

Syntactic category

a set of expressions that have approximately the same word order and co- occurrence requirements.

cleft

If the ________ is grammatical, the displaced expression is a constituent.

Syntax

is broadly related to how expressions combine with one another to form larger expressions.

substitution

replacing a string of words with a single word

Syntactic category

a set of expressions that have approximately the same word order and co-occurrence requirements

Syntactic distribution

if two expressions are interchangeable in all syntactic environments

Phrase structure rules

captures patterns of syntactic combination

Phrase structure tree

a visual display of the way a sentence is built up from lexical expressions using the phrase structure rules

Ambiguous

linguistic forms can correspond to more than one expression