1.Male Reproductive System

• Location and Components

• Located in the pelvis region

• Includes a pair of testes, accessory ducts, glands, and external genitalia

• Testes

• Situated in the scrotum outside the abdominal cavity

• Scrotum maintains low temperature for spermatogenesis

• Each testis is oval-shaped, 4-5 cm in length, and 2-3 cm in width

• Covered by a dense covering

• Contains about 250 testicular lobules

• Testicular Lobules

• Each lobule contains 1-3 highly coiled seminiferous tubules

• Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules

• Accessory Ducts and Glands

• Include epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra

• Glands like seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands contribute to semen production

• External Genitalia

• Consists of penis and scrotum

• Penis is involved in copulation and urine excretion

• Scrotum houses the testes and helps regulate their temperature

• Function

• Production of sperm cells (spermatogenesis)

• Secretion of male sex hormones (e.g., testosterone)

• Delivery of sperm to the female reproductive system during sexual intercourse

Male reproductive system

The ______ is located in the pelvis region (Figure 2.1a).

Testes

It includes a pair of ______ along with accessory ducts, glands, and the external genitalia.

Scrotum

The testes are situated outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch called ______.

Spermatogenesis

The scrotum helps in maintaining the low temperature of the testes (2–2.5o C lower than the normal internal body temperature) necessary for ______.

Testis

In adults, each ______ is oval in shape, with a length of about 4 to 5 cm and a width of about 2 to 3 cm.

Testis

The ______ is covered by a dense covering.

Testicular lobules

Each testis has about 250 compartments called ______ (Figure 2.1b).

Seminiferous tubules

Each lobule contains one to three highly coiled ______ in which sperms are produced.

Male germ cells

Each seminiferous tubule is lined on its inside by two types of cells called ______ (spermatogonia) and Sertoli cells (Figure 2.2).

Spermatogonia

The male germ cells undergo meiotic divisions finally leading to sperm formation, while Sertoli cells provide nutrition to the ______.

Leydig cells

Leydig cells synthesise and secrete testicular hormones called ______.

Androgens

Leydig cells synthesise and secrete testicular hormones called ______.

Rete testis

The seminiferous tubules of the testis open into the vasa efferentia through ______.

Epididymis

The vasa efferentia leave the testis and open into ______ located along the posterior surface of each testis.

Vas deferens

The epididymis leads to ______ that ascends to the abdomen and loops over the urinary bladder.

Leydig cells

Leydig cells synthesise and secrete testicular hormones called ______.

Androgens

Leydig cells synthesise and secrete testicular hormones called ______.

Rete testis

The seminiferous tubules of the testis open into the vasa efferentia through ______.

Epididymis

The vasa efferentia leave the testis and open into ______ located along the posterior surface of each testis.

Vas deferens

The epididymis leads to ______ that ascends to the abdomen and loops over the urinary bladder.

Ejaculatory duct

It receives a duct from seminal vesicle and opens into urethra as the ______.

Urethra

The urethra originates from the urinary bladder and extends through the penis to its external opening called ______.

Glans penis

The enlarged end of the penis called the ______ is covered by a loose fold of skin called foreskin.

Seminal vesicles

The male accessory glands include paired ______, a prostate, and paired bulbourethral glands.

Prostate

The male accessory glands include paired seminal vesicles, a ______, and paired bulbourethral glands.

Bulbourethral glands

The male accessory glands include paired seminal vesicles, a prostate, and paired ______.

Seminal plasma

Secretions of these glands constitute the ______ which is rich in fructose, calcium, and certain enzymes.

Lubrication

The secretions of bulbourethral glands also help in the ______ of the penis.