1.Male Reproductive System
tHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMThe
Location and Components
Located in the pelvis region
Includes a pair of testes, accessory ducts, glands, and external genitalia
Testes
Situated in the scrotum outside the abdominal cavity
Scrotum maintains low temperature for spermatogenesis
Each testis is oval-shaped, 4-5 cm in length, and 2-3 cm in width
Covered by a dense covering
Contains about 250 testicular lobules
Testicular Lobules
Each lobule contains 1-3 highly coiled seminiferous tubules
Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules
Accessory Ducts and Glands
Include epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra
Glands like seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands contribute to semen production
External Genitalia
Consists of penis and scrotum
Penis is involved in copulation and urine excretion
Scrotum houses the testes and helps regulate their temperature
Function
Production of sperm cells (spermatogenesis)
Secretion of male sex hormones (e.g., testosterone)
Delivery of sperm to the female reproductive system during sexual intercourse
Seminiferous Tubules
Lined by male germ cells (spermatogonia) and Sertoli cells
Male germ cells undergo meiotic divisions for sperm formation
Sertoli cells provide nutrition to germ cells
Interstitial Spaces
Located outside seminiferous tubules
Contain Leydig cells (interstitial cells)
Leydig cells synthesize and secrete androgens
Male Sex Accessory Ducts
Include rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, and vas deferens
Seminiferous tubules open into vasa efferentia through rete testis
Vasa efferentia lead to epididymis, then to vas deferens ascending to abdomen
Vas deferens loops over urinary bladder, receives duct from seminal vesicle
Opens into urethra as ejaculatory duct
Transport of Sperm
Ducts store and transport sperm from testis to outside through urethra
Urethra originates from urinary bladder, extends through penis
External opening of urethra is urethral meatus
Figure 2.1(a): Diagrammatic Sectional View of Male Pelvis Showing Reproductive System
Male external genitalia
Penis
Special tissue for erection
Glans penis
Covered by foreskin
Male accessory glands
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands
Sure! Here's a mnemonic for remembering the male accessory glands:
Some People Bake
S - Seminal vesicles
P - Prostate
B - Bulbourethral glands
Seminal plasma
Constituents
Fructose
Calcium
Enzymes
Figure 2.1(b): Diagrammatic View of Male Reproductive System
Testis details
Inner details shown
Penis
External genitalia
Male accessory glands
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands
Bulbourethral glands' secretions
Lubrication of the penis
tHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The male reproductive system is located in the pelvis region(Figure 2.1a). It includes a pair of testes alongwithaccessory ducts, glands and the external genitalia. he testes are situated outside theabdominal cavity within a pouchcalled scrotum. The scrotum helpsin maintaining the low temperatureof the testes (2–2.5o C lower thanthe normal internal bodytemperature) necessary forspermatogenesis. In adults, eachtestis is oval in shape, with a lengthof about 4 to 5 cm and a width ofabout 2 to 3 cm. The testis iscovered by a dense covering. Eachtestis has about 250 compartmentscalled testicular lobules(Figure 2.1b).Each lobule contains one tothree highly coiled seminiferoustubules in which sperms areproduced. Each seminiferous tubuleis lined on its inside by two typesof cells called male germ cells(spermatogonia) and Sertoli cells(Figure 2.2 ). The male germ cellsundergo meiotic divisions finallyleading to sperm formation, whileSertoli cells provide nutrition to thegerm cells. The regions outside theseminiferous tubules calledinterstitial spaces, contain smallblood vessels and interstitial cellsor Leydig cells (Figure 2.2). Leydigcells synthesise and secretetesticular hormones calledandrogens. Other immunologicallycompetent cells are also present.The male sex accessory ducts include rete testis, vasa efferentia,epididymis and vas deferens (Figure 2.1b). The seminiferous tubules ofthe testis open into the vasa efferentia through rete testis. The vasa efferentialeave the testis and open into epididymis located along the posterior surfaceof each testis. The epididymis leads to vas deferens that ascends to theabdomen and loops over the urinary bladder. It receives a duct from seminalvesicle and opens into urethra as the ejaculatory duct (Figure 2.1a). Theseducts store and transport the sperms from the testis to the outside throughurethra. The urethra originates from the urinary bladder and extendsthrough the penis to its external opening called urethral meatus The penis is the male external genitalia (Figure 2.1a, b). It is made upof special tissue that helps in erection of the penis to facilitate insemination.The enlarged end of penis called the glans penis is covered by a loose foldof skin called foreskin.The male accessory glands (Figure 2.1a, b) include paired seminalvesicles, a prostate and paired bulbourethral glands. Secretions of theseglands constitute the seminal plasma which is rich in fructose, calciumand certain enzymes. The secretions of bulbourethral glands also helpsin the lubrication of the penis.
tHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMThe
Location and Components
Located in the pelvis region
Includes a pair of testes, accessory ducts, glands, and external genitalia
Testes
Situated in the scrotum outside the abdominal cavity
Scrotum maintains low temperature for spermatogenesis
Each testis is oval-shaped, 4-5 cm in length, and 2-3 cm in width
Covered by a dense covering
Contains about 250 testicular lobules
Testicular Lobules
Each lobule contains 1-3 highly coiled seminiferous tubules
Spermatogenesis occurs in the seminiferous tubules
Accessory Ducts and Glands
Include epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, and urethra
Glands like seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands contribute to semen production
External Genitalia
Consists of penis and scrotum
Penis is involved in copulation and urine excretion
Scrotum houses the testes and helps regulate their temperature
Function
Production of sperm cells (spermatogenesis)
Secretion of male sex hormones (e.g., testosterone)
Delivery of sperm to the female reproductive system during sexual intercourse
Seminiferous Tubules
Lined by male germ cells (spermatogonia) and Sertoli cells
Male germ cells undergo meiotic divisions for sperm formation
Sertoli cells provide nutrition to germ cells
Interstitial Spaces
Located outside seminiferous tubules
Contain Leydig cells (interstitial cells)
Leydig cells synthesize and secrete androgens
Male Sex Accessory Ducts
Include rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, and vas deferens
Seminiferous tubules open into vasa efferentia through rete testis
Vasa efferentia lead to epididymis, then to vas deferens ascending to abdomen
Vas deferens loops over urinary bladder, receives duct from seminal vesicle
Opens into urethra as ejaculatory duct
Transport of Sperm
Ducts store and transport sperm from testis to outside through urethra
Urethra originates from urinary bladder, extends through penis
External opening of urethra is urethral meatus
Figure 2.1(a): Diagrammatic Sectional View of Male Pelvis Showing Reproductive System
Male external genitalia
Penis
Special tissue for erection
Glans penis
Covered by foreskin
Male accessory glands
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands
Sure! Here's a mnemonic for remembering the male accessory glands:
Some People Bake
S - Seminal vesicles
P - Prostate
B - Bulbourethral glands
Seminal plasma
Constituents
Fructose
Calcium
Enzymes
Figure 2.1(b): Diagrammatic View of Male Reproductive System
Testis details
Inner details shown
Penis
External genitalia
Male accessory glands
Seminal vesicles
Prostate
Bulbourethral glands
Bulbourethral glands' secretions
Lubrication of the penis
tHE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The male reproductive system is located in the pelvis region(Figure 2.1a). It includes a pair of testes alongwithaccessory ducts, glands and the external genitalia. he testes are situated outside theabdominal cavity within a pouchcalled scrotum. The scrotum helpsin maintaining the low temperatureof the testes (2–2.5o C lower thanthe normal internal bodytemperature) necessary forspermatogenesis. In adults, eachtestis is oval in shape, with a lengthof about 4 to 5 cm and a width ofabout 2 to 3 cm. The testis iscovered by a dense covering. Eachtestis has about 250 compartmentscalled testicular lobules(Figure 2.1b).Each lobule contains one tothree highly coiled seminiferoustubules in which sperms areproduced. Each seminiferous tubuleis lined on its inside by two typesof cells called male germ cells(spermatogonia) and Sertoli cells(Figure 2.2 ). The male germ cellsundergo meiotic divisions finallyleading to sperm formation, whileSertoli cells provide nutrition to thegerm cells. The regions outside theseminiferous tubules calledinterstitial spaces, contain smallblood vessels and interstitial cellsor Leydig cells (Figure 2.2). Leydigcells synthesise and secretetesticular hormones calledandrogens. Other immunologicallycompetent cells are also present.The male sex accessory ducts include rete testis, vasa efferentia,epididymis and vas deferens (Figure 2.1b). The seminiferous tubules ofthe testis open into the vasa efferentia through rete testis. The vasa efferentialeave the testis and open into epididymis located along the posterior surfaceof each testis. The epididymis leads to vas deferens that ascends to theabdomen and loops over the urinary bladder. It receives a duct from seminalvesicle and opens into urethra as the ejaculatory duct (Figure 2.1a). Theseducts store and transport the sperms from the testis to the outside throughurethra. The urethra originates from the urinary bladder and extendsthrough the penis to its external opening called urethral meatus The penis is the male external genitalia (Figure 2.1a, b). It is made upof special tissue that helps in erection of the penis to facilitate insemination.The enlarged end of penis called the glans penis is covered by a loose foldof skin called foreskin.The male accessory glands (Figure 2.1a, b) include paired seminalvesicles, a prostate and paired bulbourethral glands. Secretions of theseglands constitute the seminal plasma which is rich in fructose, calciumand certain enzymes. The secretions of bulbourethral glands also helpsin the lubrication of the penis.
