DAIRY PRODUCTION

Philippine Dairy Industry Problems

Includes limited dairy animals, low genetic potential, dependency on imports, lower prices of imported milk, challenges due to humid climates, poor feed quality, diseases, and limited market access.

National Dairy Production Authority

Established by Republic Act No. 7884 to develop the Philippine dairy industry through policy direction and program implementation.

Philippine Carabao Center (PCC)

Created by Republic Act 7307 to conserve and promote carabaos for milk, meat, and draft power, with 13 regional centers focusing on genetic improvement and extension services.

Dairy Industry Development Bills

House Bill No. 1246 aims to merge PCC and NDA into the Philippine National Dairy Development Agency, while Senate No. 139 and No. 119 focus on restructuring the livestock industry and enhancing competitiveness.

Dairy Production System Classification

Categorized based on animal numbers, utilized resources, milk collection practices, and confinement

Types of Dairy Farm in the Philippines

Include individual smallholders, smallholder cooperatives, commercial farms supplying processors, and government farms supporting feeding programs like PCC.

Biology of Milking

Involves milk letdown mechanism, milk protein (caseins, whey proteins), lactose synthesis, water, vitamins, minerals, and factors influencing milk composition and yield.

Milk Stasis and FIL

Feedback Inhibitor of Lactation (FIL) regulates milk production by accumulating in milk until a critical concentration, acting as a negative feedback inhibitor, with frequent milk removal reducing FIL concentration and increasing milk yield.

Dairy Production System is classified:

According to number of dairy animals raised

According to utilized resources

According to milk collection practices

According to confinement

Classification according to herd population

Small-hold or backyard

Semi-commercial

Commercial

Classification according to utilized resources

Pasture based

Intensive farming

According to milk collection practice

traditional hand milking

machine milking

automatic milking

According to confinement

full confinement

semi confinement (mixed)

pastured

Dairy Production System

Rural smallholder dairying

Pastoral/Agropastoral Dairying

Landless Peri-Urban dairying

Types of dairy farms in the Philippines

Individual small holder farm

Small holder cooperative

Commercial Fam

Government Farm

13 PCC Regional Sector in Philippines

World Trade Top 5 Exporters

New Zealand

USA

EU

Australia

Argentina

Milk production per species

Cattle - 83%

Buffalo - 13%

Goat - 2.6%

Sheep - 1.2%

Camel - 0.4%

World’s Top10 Cow’s Milk Production Countries

USA, India, China, Brazil, Germany, Russian Federation, France, New Zealand, Turkey, United Kingdom

Parts of Mammary Gland Anatomy (Ascending)

Teat canal, (Furstenberg’s Rosette), Teat Cistern, Cricoid fold, Gland Cistern, Large milk duct, Small milk duct, Lobe, Lobule, Alveolus/Alveoli

2 Types of Suspensory Ligaments

Median suspensory ligaments (flexible)

Lateral suspensory ligaments (inflexible)

Seven tissues that support udder

Skin, Superficial fascia, Coarse areolar, Sub pelvic tendon, Superficial layer of lateral suspensory ligaments, Deep suspensory ligaments, Median suspensory ligaments

Mammogenesis

formation and development of mammary tissue

Lactogenesis

initiation of milk synthesis

Colostrogenesis

formation of colostrum

Milk protein synthesis

amino acids

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

transported with lactose

Milk fat synthesis

98% triglycerides

fat globules

extremely variable

pre-formed (short chain), De Novo (long chain)

Milk Protein

Micelles, Casien, Whey protein, Enzymes, Transport proteins, Anti-bodies

Hormones that govern mammogenesis & lactogenesis

Pregnancy - high concentration of progesterone and estrogen

Parturition - placental progesterone levels decreases since placenta is removed, prolactin bind to its receptor stimulating milk secretion

prolactin stimulate lactogenesis

Lactose synthesis

glucose + galactose

active transport (insulin-independent)

golgi apparatus

secretory vesicles

high osmotic gradients attract water

exocytosis

Other Milk components

water, vitamins, minerals

Factors influencing milk composition

breed, species, lactation stage, stage of milk removal, intramammary infection, gland, day, parity, feeding management, individuals, milk yield

Factors that influence milk yield

emptying efficiency, pre-post stimulation, milking frequency, breed, species, lactation stage, gland, day, individual, parity, feeding program, milk composition

Factors affecting lactation persistency

feeding, growth hormone, pregnancy, milking, photoperiod