DAIRY PRODUCTION

Cow’s milk production in Asia (kg per capita)

  1. Kazakhstan - 297

  2. Turkey - 222

  3. Iran - 129

Cow’s milk production in the European Union (kg per capita)

  1. Ireland - 1,238

  2. Denmark - 922

  3. Netherlands - 738

Cow’s milk production in North & Central America (kg per capita)

  1. United States of America - 289

  2. Canada - 243

  3. Mexico - 96

Cow’s milk production in South America (kg per capita)

  1. Uruguay - 701

  2. Argentina - 279

  3. Brazil - 172

Cow’s milk production in Oceania (kg per capita)

  1. New Zealand - 4,484

  2. Australia - 412

Cow’s milk production in Africa (kg per capita)

  1. Kenya - 84

  2. South Africa - 56

  3. Egypt - 50

World’s Top 10 Cow’s Milk Production Countries in 2011-2013

  1. USA

  2. India

  3. China

  4. Brazil

  5. Germany

  6. Russian federation

  7. France

  8. New Zealand

  9. Turkey

  10. United Kingdom

Major Producers of cow milk worldwide in 2020

  1. European Union

  2. United States

  3. India

  4. China

  5. Russia

  6. Brazil

  7. New Zealand

  8. Mexico

  9. Argentina

  10. Canada

  11. Australia

  12. Ukraine

  13. Belarus

  14. Japan

  15. South Korea

  16. Taiwan

World: Cow’s Milk Production (share per region)

  1. Asia - 28%

  2. EU - 24%

  3. North & Central America - 18%

  4. South America - 11%

  5. Other Europe - 9%

  6. Africa - 5%

  7. Oceania - 5%

World Trade: Top 5 Exporters

  1. New Zealand

  2. EU

  3. USA

  4. Australia

  5. Argentina

World: Milk Production by Species

  1. Cow - 83%

  2. Buffalo - 13%

  3. Goat - 2.6%

  4. Sheep - 1.2%

  5. Camel - 0.4%

In the Philippines:

  • in 2021, 99% of milk products are imported; local milk supply declines.

  • Milk powder consisted 78% of imports

    USA is the leading supplies (30%)

    New Zealand (29%)

    Belgium (6%)

    Australia (5%)

    Philippines export to Malaysia (38%)

    Vietnam (14%)

    Singapore (12%)

    UAE (8%)

    USA (5%)

  • 80% of the local production are from smallholders.

Problems of the Philippine Dairy Industry

  • limited number of dairy type animals

  • low genetic potential for milk production

  • dependent on importations

  • lower price of imported milk and milk ingredients

  • humid climates are unfavorable for dairying.

  • poor quality feed resources, diseases, limited access to markets and services

Agencies Mandated to Help the Philippine Dairy Industry

  • Created by the National Dairy Development Act of 1995 (otherwise known as Republic Act No. 7884), the National Dairy Production Authority is mandated to ensure the accelerated development of the Philippine dairy industry through policy direction and program implementation. It is an agency attached to the Department of Agriculture.

PCC (Philippine Carabao Center)

  • created by virtue of Republic Act 7307 in 1992, an act to conserve, propagate and promote the carabao or native buffalo as a source of milk and meat as well as draft animal power and hide to benefit rural farmers.

  • PCC is active in upgrading local buffaloes through its gene pool and extension work.

  • has 13 regional centers

    1. DA-PCC AT MARIANO MARCOS STATE UNIVERSITY

    2. DA-PCC AT DON MARIANO MARCOS MEMORIAL STATE UNIVSERSITY

    3. DA-PCC AT CAGAYAN STATE UNIVERSITY

    4. DA-PAA AT CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY

    5. DA-PCC AT UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BANOS

    6. DA-PCC AT VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSTY

    7. DA-PCC AT WEST VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY

    8. DA-PCC AT LA CARLOTA STOCK FARM

    9. DA-PCC AT UBAY STOCK FARM

    10. DA-PCC AT MINDANAO LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION CENTER

    11. DA-PCC AT CENTAL MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY

    12. DA-PCC AT UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO

    13. DA-PCC NATIONAL HEADQUARTERS AND GENE POOL

House Bill No. 1246

  • Introduced by HONORABLE LUIS RAYMUND F. VILLAFUERTE, JR.

  • An act merging the Philippine carabao center (PCC) and the national dairy authority (NDA) into the Philippine national dairy development agency to provide greater focus on the accelerated development of the dairy industry and to increase production of dairy animals in the Philippines, providing a ruminant development fund therefore, and for other purposes.

Senate No. 139

  • introduced by SENATOR CYNTHIA A. VILLAR

  • an act to restructure and rationalize the livestock industry in order to strengthen its development, protection and regulatory functions, including the promotion of dairy and native animals, and to provide for a livestock development fund, and for other purposes.

Senate No. 119

  • introduced by SENATOR CYNTHIA A. VILLAR

  • an act to develop, protect and promote the livestock, poultry, and dairy industries and their value chain, to provide for a livestock, poultry, and dairy competitiveness enhancement fund, and for other purposes.

Dairy Production System is classified:

  • According to the number of dairy animals raised (production level).

  • According to utilized resources

  • According to milk collection practice

  • According to confinement

  1. Classification according to herd population

  • Small hold or backyard

  • Semi-commercial

  • Commercial

  1. According to Utilized resources

  • Pasture-based

  • Intensive farming

  1. According to milk collection practice

  • traditional hand milking

  • machine milking

  • automatic milking

  1. According to confinement

  • full-confinement

  • semi-confinement (mixed)

  • pastured

Dairy Production System

  1. Rural Smallholder Dairying

  • dairying is often part of a mixed farming system

  • dairy animals are fed on grass, crop residues and cultivated fodder

  • supplementary feeding is practiced only when feasible

  1. Pastoral/Agropastoral Dairying

  • Land-based and milk is often the most important subsistence item

  • Generally associated with cropping, but nomadic pastoralists practice little or no agriculture and roam the land in search of grazing grounds and water.

  1. Landless Peri-Urban Dairying

  • purely market-oriented production system, close to cities

  • production is based on purchased inputs and may encounter problems of feed supply and waste disposal

Types of Dairy Farm in the Philippines

  1. Individual small holder producer - consume and sell locally what they produce

  2. Small holder cooperatives - who deliver their milk to a collection point for transport to a processing plant

  3. Commercial farm - that who supply milk processors

  4. Government farms - supply school and rural community feeding programs (PCC)

BIOLOGY OF MILKING

Milk Letdown Mechanism

  • massaging or suckling the udder are the stimuli that signals the posterior pituitary gland of the brain to release hormone “oxytocin”

  • Oxytocin is carried by blood to the udder which acts on small muscle cells causing them to contract

  • contracting pressure creates forces to expel the milk out from alveoli towards smaller duct, then larger ducts

  • effective time of hormone is limited, hence milking should be completed within 8 minutes.

Hormones that govern mammogenesis and lactogenesis

  • during pregnancy, high concentration of progesterone and estrogen on plasma induces differentiation and growth of mammary secretory cells

    mammogenesis is active: lactogenesis is inhibited

  • during parturition, placental progesterone levels decreases markedly since the placenta is being removed, enabling prolactin to bind its receptor which stimulates milk secretion

Milk Protein

  • micelles

  • caseins (80% of total protein, alpha-beta-kappa-gamma, determines cheese yield)

  • whey proteins (alpha-lactalbumin: lactose synthesis, beta-lactoglobulin, serum albumin, immunoglobulins)

  • enzymes

  • transport proteins

  • antibodies

Milk protein synthesis

  • amino acids

  • rough endoplasmic reticulum

  • golgi apparatus

  • transported with lactose

Milk lactose

  • major carbohydrates

  • disaccharide

  • unique for milk

  • major osmole

  • least variable

Lactose Synthesis

  • glucose + galactose

  • active transport (insulin - independent)

  • golgi apparatus

  • secretory vesicles

  • high osmotic gradient attracts water

  • exocytosis

Other Milk Components

  • water

  • vitamins - fat soluble and water soluble

  • minerals - Ca, P, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mo, Mn, Co, and Trace elements

Factors that influence milk composition

  • species

  • breed

  • lactation stage

  • stage of milk removal

  • intramammary infections

  • gland

  • day

  • parity

  • feeding and management

  • individuals

  • milk yield

Factors that influence milk yield

  • Species

  • Breed

  • Lactation stage

  • Emptying efficiency

  • pre and post stimulation

  • milking frequency

  • gland

  • day

  • parity

  • feeding and management

  • individual

  • milk composition

What happens during milk statis?

  • mainly regulated by the Feedback Inhibitor of Lactation (FIL).

  • FILs way of action is to compile in milk until reaching a certain critical concentration, at which time it acts as a negative feedback inhibitor leading to a decreased milk production.

  • Frequent removal of milk lowers the concentration of FIL in the udder, which stimulates a higher activity in the secretory tissue leading to a decreased apoptosis rate and a higher milk yield.