Topic 10 Test Study Guide

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts from the Topic 10 Test Study Guide.

Manifest Destiny

The belief that the expansion of the United States across the American continents was both justified and inevitable.

Dawes Act

An 1887 law that aimed to assimilate Native Americans by allotting them individual plots of land.

Transcontinental Railroad

A railroad that connects the eastern U.S. to the western U.S., completed in 1869.

Trusts and Monopolies

Business arrangements aimed at eliminating competition by controlling a market.

Industrial Revolution

A period of significant industrial growth characterized by the shift from hand production to machine manufacturing.

Homestead Act

1862 legislation that provided 160 acres of public land to settlers for a small fee, encouraging westward expansion.

Labor Unions

Organizations formed by workers to advocate for better working conditions and wages.

Collective Bargaining

Negotiations between labor union leaders and employers to reach agreements on employment terms.

Robber Barons

A negative term for rich business owners who gained wealth using harsh methods in the late 1800s.

Philanthropists

Individuals, such as Carnegie and Rockefeller, who donate lots of money to charitable causes.

Orville and Wilbur Wright

The brothers who achieved the first successful powered flight on December 17, 1903.

Assembly Line

A production method that breaks down a complex job into a series of smaller tasks, popularized by Henry Ford.

Labor Movement

A broad coalition of workers and unions aiming to improve labor conditions through collective action.

Urbanization

The process by which cities grow as more people move from rural areas to urban centers, often related to industrialization.

Native American Reservations

Designated areas where Native Americans were forced to reside, often on lands not suitable for traditional lifestyles.

Skilled Artisans

Workers with specialized training or skills, whose demand rose during the Industrial Revolution.

Economic Goals of Labor Unions

To achieve higher wages, reduced working hours, and improved safety conditions for workers.