Greek History Flashcards

Flashcards relating to the provided text.

What was the result of the victory against the Persians?

It inaugurated the classical age of Greek history.

Why did the command of the fight against the Persians pass from Sparta to Athens?

Sparta was hesitant to commit troops to territories far from the Peloponnese.

What was the Delian League?

It was the successor to the Hellenic League in 478 BC, with its headquarters in the sanctuary of Apollo on the island of Delos and recognized the hegemony of Athens.

What was the original objective of the war against the Persians?

It was not neglected, but the League became an instrument in the service of the power of Athens.

What was the result of the decades following the victory against the Persians?

A sort of division into spheres of influence between the two main poleis, Sparta and Athens.

What was the attitude of Cimon towards Sparta?

He favored maintaining good relations with Sparta while expanding Athenian power in the Aegean.

What was the key factor in the full development of democracy in the age of Pericles?

The victory against the Persians and the establishment of hegemony over the Delian League.

What powers remained with the Areopagus?

Only the power to judge cases of blood crimes remained.

What was Pericles' law on citizenship?

Only those born to Athenian parents on both sides could be Athenian citizens.

What characterized Athens in the decades under Pericles?

It assumed the profile of a city that no longer relied on land, but on craftsmanship and trade.

What defined Athens as an economic-commercial area?

The Long Walls connecting Piraeus to the city, which had no parallels in the Mediterranean.

What was the source of income for the Athenian state?

Port taxes, public properties, fines, and special taxes paid by foreign residents.

What happened in 454 BC?

Pericles imposed the transfer of the League's treasury from Delos to Athens.

What did Athens guarantee?

Security on the seas, the development of trade, thanks to a strong and stable currency, and an intense circulation of men, ideas, and technologies.

What was one of the main reasons for conflict with Sparta?

A series of direct and indirect clashes with the Spartans and their allies.

What did the peace agreement signed in 446 BC do?

Established that neutral cities were free to join one or the other coalition and that any dispute should be addressed diplomatically.

What was the Peloponnesian War primarily a conflict over?

Hegemony over the Greek world.

What did Athens and Sparta favor?

The installation of democratic regimes in one case, and oligarchic in the other in their allied cities.

What convinced Sparta that only victory in a direct clash could halt Athenian expansionism?

A series of episodes that revealed a state of growing tension.

What was a consequence of the plague in 430 BC

It decimated the Athenians amassed in the urban center, killing Pericles himself.

What happened in 421 BC?

The Peace of Nicias was reached, which essentially reaffirmed the hegemony of the two powers over the same territories they dominated before the conflict.

What does Tucidide's description of the civil war in Corcira represent?

An example of the true pathology into which Greece had been precipitated.

What was the war in Sicily, which lasted from 415 to 413 a.C.?

Catastrophic for Athens.

What did Sparta gain from helping the Persians?

They obtained large funding.

What happened in 411 a.C.?

The Athenian democratic government was overthrown briefly.

Why were the strategists victorious at Arginuse condemned to death?

For not having recovered the corpses of some drowned sailors.

What happened in 405 a.C.?

The Spartan commander destroyed the rival fleet at Egospotami, in the Hellespont.

What was the reason for Sparta not completely destroying the city?

They imposed harsh peace conditions.

What did the victorious Trasibulo do upon returning to Athens?

Occupied Piraeus in arms and defeated the Thirty.

What did the agreement set forth?

That no one should be allowed to remember the evil suffered, in relation to the events of the past, against anyone.

Who was condemned and for what reason?

The great philosopher Socrates was condemned to death for impiety.

What was the internal weakness of Sparta?

The oligarchy of the Spartiates was increasingly restricted.

What grave factor of weakness did the Spartan hegemony come from?

The relationship with the Persians.

What did the peace recognize?

The Persian domination over the cities of Asia Minor.

What was the League meant to guarantee?

Guaranteed Thebes the domain over Beozia.

Why could Tebe not impone their will upon the Greeks?

Lacked the prestige and authority that Athens and Sparta had won anyway.

What did the Macedonia posess?

Modest economic resources and an abundant wood.

How did the Macedonia act towards the Greeks?

Did not matter much to the Macedonia

What happen in 360 BC?

Filippo II acceded to the throne.

How old was Alessandro at the time his father has assassined?

Only 20 years old.

What did Allessandro's army consist of?

An army made of 4000 hopliti and 5000 knights.