Chem- Bio Stage 1 Test

What is the worded equation for Aerobic Respiration:

Glucose+ Oxygen - Carbon Dioxide+ Water

What is the worded equation for Anerobic Respiration in Animal Cells:

Lactic Acid Fermentation: Glucose-Lactic Acid

What is the worded equation for Anerobic Respiration in Plant Cells:

Ethanol Fermentation: Glucose- Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide

What is the worded equation for Photosynthesis:

Carbon Dioxide+ water -(sunlight)- glucose + oxygen

Why does Aerobic Respiration produce more ATP?

Aerobic respiration is the total breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen. It produces 36 ATP.

What does a high surface area: volume ratio indicate? In terms of Diffusion?

e.g. 3:1. This indicates that there is more surface area, which allows increased rate and easier transport of molecules through a membrane.

What structures do Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells have in common?

Cell Membrane, Ribosomes, DNA (though in different forms)

Describe the Fluid Mosaic Model:

The Fluid Mosaic Model- fluid refers to the movement of phospholipids, which allows some substances to pass through the membrane. Mosaic refers to proteins in-bedded in the membrane, some of which are required for the transport of molecules.

What does Active Transport use?

ATP, Protein Channels, Going against the concentration gradient.

Define Simple Diffusion

Passive transport: transport small uncharged molecules, with concntration gradient

Define Facilitated Diffusion

Requires Protein Channel, Passive, with gradient, no energy required.

What does MRSGREN stand for?

Life Processes: Movement, Reproduction, Sensitivity/stimulus, Growth, Respiration, Excretion, Nutrition

What does Cell Theory State:

Cells are the structural units of life, All cells contain DNA, All Cells arise from pre-existing Cells.

What are Ribosomes Responsible for?

Sight of Protein Synthesis, made of RNA and protein, takes genetic material and translates into amino acids.

What is the Golgi Body responsible for?

Packaging and secretion of proteins, substances that leave cell are called vesicles.

What is the endoplasmic reticulum responsible for?

Form around nucleus, Rough synthesis proteins, smooth synthesis carbs and lipids.

Endocytosis

Active, Bulk Transport into cell

Exocytosis

Active, Bulk transport out of cell

Define Lysosomes

Organelles that contain digestive enzymes- break down toxic waste

Define Chloroplast

Found in plant cells, used during photosynthesis, large surface area to maximise sun capture

What are the characteristics of a prokaryotic Cell?

No Nucleus, One Single Loop strand of DNA, Ribosomes, Capsule shape, cell membrane, flagellum, smaller than eukaryotic cells, pili for adhesivness

Define Mitochondria

Carries out later stages of respiration- cells that require more energy require more mitochondria

Define Vacuole:

Fluid substances contained by a membrane, plant cells have bigger.

Define Centriole

Synthesis spindle fibres, live within centrosome

Define Centromere

Attatches to sister chromatids during Mitosis

What happens to Plant Cells when they are placed into solutions of different tonicities?

Hyper= plasmolysed, iso= flacid, Hypo=turgid. Wants to be in water (turgid)

Define Hyper, Hypo and isotonic Solutions

What happens to Animal Cells when they are placed into solutions of different tonicities?

Hyper= Shriveled, Iso= Normal, Hypo= Lysed.