CH 7 (Inside the Cell)

What macromolecules leave the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell through the pores in the nuclear membrane?

mRNA

what characteristics do mitochondria and chloroplasts share?

1) They both have their own DNA.

2) They both have multiple membranes.

3) They are both capable of reproducing themselves.

where are the proteins that will be exported(excreted) from the cell made?

in ribosomes that attach to the endoplasmic reticulum

If a cell has the following molecules and structures : enzymes, DNA, Ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from…?

a plant or animal.

What are characteristics of a prokaryotic cell?

1) plasma membrane

2) ribosomes

3) nuclear membrane

4) enzymes

Mitochondria are often called the "powerhouses of the cell" because they:

are the site of energy-producing reactions that power most cellular activities.

What statement would be true about lysosomes that lack mannose-6-phosphate receptors?

They do not receive enzyme shipments from the Golgi apparatus.

Amoebae move by crawling over a surface (cell crawling). What process is part of this type of movement?

growth of actin filaments to form bulges in the plasma membrane

Eukaryotic cells manufacture cytoskeletal proteins that help to maintain the cells' shapes and functions. What would you predict about these proteins?

They would be manufactured on free ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

What can you infer about a high molecular weight protein that cannot be transported into the nucleus?

It lacks a nuclear localization signal (NLS).

nucleus

membrane-bound organelle containing cell's genetic material

mitochondrion

site of reactions of aerobic respiration: "powerhouse of cell"

Golgi apparatus

stack of membranous sacs for processing proteins and lipids

plasma membrane

composed of lipid bilayer and described as a 'fluid mosaic', serves to surround the contents of the cell

rough endoplasmic reticulum

studded with ribosomes; synthesizes proteins and membrane molecules

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

lacking ribosomes; involved in synthesis of lipids, hormones, detoxification, or calcium storage depending on cell type

cell wall

provides structure to plant, fungal, and most bacterial cells

chloroplast

contain chlorophyll; site of photosynthesis

ribosome

composed of subunits; responsible for protein synthesis

lysosome

contain intracellular digestive materials

vacuole

large fluid filled organelle most commonly found in plants; may be used for storage of water, toxins, chemical defenses

flagellum

external appendage allowing cellular movement

plasmid

a small, circular piece of DNA found in bacteria that can replicate independently of chromosomal DNA.