pharmacognosy 7 - glycosides pt2

Cardiac or Cardiocative Glycosides

Cardiac or Cardiocative Glycosides

• (+) inotropic agent (for those w/ heart failure)

• inhibits Na+ K ATPase pump

• Cardenolide

• Bufadienolide

Two Aglycones of Cardiac or Cardiocative Glycosides

Cardenolide

Aglycone of Cardiac or Cardiocative Glycosides that is most abundant and found in plants

Bufadienolide

Aglycone of Cardiac or Cardiocative Glycosides that is found in toads and bull frogs

Digoxin

constituent glycoside of Grecian Foxglove

Digitoxin

constituent glycoside of Foxglove

Convallatoxin

constituent glycoside of Convallaria or Lilly of the Valley

Adonitoxin

constituent glycoside of Adonis or Pheasant’s Eye

Hellebrin

constituent glycoside Black Hellebore or Christmas Rose

Apocynin

constituent glycoside Apocynum/Dogbane or Indian Hemp

k-strophantoside Ouabain

constituent glycoside Strophanthus

Oleandrin

constituent glycoside Oleander (Adelfa)

scillarin A

constituent glycoside Squill

Myrosin

Hydrolytic Enzyme of Isothiocyanate Glycosides (Mustard Oils)

Sinigrin

• Black Mustard

• Ally Isothiocyanate

Sinalbin

• White Mustard

• Acrinyl Isothiocyanate

Gluconapin

Rapeseed

1. treatment of bleeding due to capillary fragility 2. treatment of the symptoms of common colds

Uses of Flavanol Glycosides

Vitamin P

Rutin and Hesperidin are known as

Flavonoids

yellow pigments

True

True or False

Salicin can also be considered as a phenol glycosides

Salicylic Acid

when salicyl alcohol is oxidized it turns into ___ acid, which is an anti-rheumatic agent.

1. Salicin

2. Populin

examples of Alcohol Glycosides

1. Coumarin

2. Dicumarol

examples of Lactone glycosides

Anticoagulant

use of lactone glycosides

Warfarin

Coumarin/Dicumarol synthetic that is taken orally

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

excessive take of anti-coagulant can cause bleeding and hemorrhage leading to death

• Blistering Fly

• Spanish Fly

• Russian Fly

Cantharides is also known as

Cantharidin

glycoside constituent of Cantharides

Psoralens

Photosensitizing furocoumarins

• Methoxsalen

• Trioxsalen

They are not use anymore because it was found out that these two Cantharides can cause skin cancer

Arbutin

• yields hydroquinone and glucose

• uses: Astringent and diuretic

Vanillin

cured fruits of Vanilla planifolia

Sweating

cured technique of Vanillin

Digitalis lanata, SCOPHULARIACEAE

Scientific and Family Name of Grecian Foxglove

Digitalis purpurea, SCOPHULARIACEAE

Scientific and Family Name of Foxglove

Convallaria Majalis, ASPARAGACEAE

Scientific and Family Name of Convallaria or Lilly of the Valley

Adonis vernalis RANUNCULACEAE (BUTTERCUP)

Scientific and Family Name of Adonis or Pheasant’s eye

Helleborus niger, RANUNCULACEAE (BUTTERCUP)

Scientific and Family Name of Black Hellebore

Apocynum cannabinum APOCYNACEAE (DOGBANE)

Scientific and Family Name of Apocynum

Strophanthus kombe , APOCYNACEAE

Scientific and Family Name of Strophanthus

Nerium oleander, APOCYNACEAE

Scientific and Family Name of Oleander

Urginea maritima, ASPARAGACEAE

Scientific and Family Name of Squill

• Salix purpurea, SALICACEAE (WILLOW)

• Salix fragilis, SALICACEAE (WILLOW)

Scientific and Family Name of Salicin

Dipteryx odorata, FABACEAE (LEGUME FAM)

Scientific and Family Name of Tonka Beans

Melitotus officinalis, FABACEAE

Scientific and Family Name of Yellow Sweet Clover

Arctostaphylos uva ursi, ERICACEAE

Scientific and Family Name of Uva ursi or Bear berry

Vanilla planifolia, ORCHIDACEAE

Scientific and Family Name of Vanillin