Advance Directives

broader scope of applicability

Designates surrogate to make decisions in event that patient can not → ________.

Fundamental role of surrogate

________ is to help others understand the patients values & what the patient would have wanted if they could speak for themselves.

3 reasons why informed consent matters?

Individuals have the right to live by their values
Their values inform medical decision making
They need to be informed so they can make choices that best reflect their values

informed choice

Gold standard of end of life decision making

What is a living will?

List of do and don’t wants that is applicable if a person is unable to make decisions & permanently conscious/terminally ill

Problems with living wills?

Narrow scope of applicability
Lack an “agent” to assess current circumstances and make choices based on them

Durable Power of Attorney/Healthcare Power of Attorney

silver standard of end of life decision making

What does the Durable Power of Attorney/Healthcare Power of Attorney do?

Designates surrogate to make decisions in event that pt cannot → broader scope of applicability
may/may not have list of do and don’t wants

Problem with Durable Power of Attorney/Healthcare Power of Attorney?

Designated surrogates need to properly understand, be willing, & able to carry out their role

Non-designated surrogate

bronze standard of end of life decision making

Problems with a non-designated surrogate

Identifying proper surrogate
Focusing family member/loved one on surrogate’s role
Consensus among surrogates
Consensus among surrogates and other parties

best interest standard

Use ____ _______ _________ if surrogate isn’t available and pt can’t make decisions