Meiosis and genes

Meiosis

Cell division process producing gametes with half the chromosomes.

Chromosome

Thread-like structure carrying genetic information in the nucleus.

Homologous chromosomes

Chromosome pair with the same genes at corresponding loci.

Diploid

Cells with two sets of chromosomes (2n).

Haploid

Cells with one set of chromosomes (n).

Crossing over

Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes in meiosis.

Prophase I

First stage of meiosis I with chromosome condensation and crossing over.

Metaphase I

Meiosis I stage where homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.

Anaphase I

Meiosis I stage where homologous chromosomes separate to opposite poles.

Telophase I

Meiosis I stage forming two haploid cells.

Meiosis II

Second meiotic division similar to mitosis but with half the chromosomes.

Genetic variation

Offspring diversity due to independent assortment and crossing over.

Reduction division

Diploid to haploid cell transformation.

Phases

Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II.

Purpose

Production of gametes for sexual reproduction.

Two divisions

Meiosis I and Meiosis II.