Meiosis
Cell division process producing gametes with half the chromosomes.
Chromosome
Thread-like structure carrying genetic information in the nucleus.
Homologous chromosomes
Chromosome pair with the same genes at corresponding loci.
Diploid
Cells with two sets of chromosomes (2n).
Haploid
Cells with one set of chromosomes (n).
Crossing over
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes in meiosis.
Prophase I
First stage of meiosis I with chromosome condensation and crossing over.
Metaphase I
Meiosis I stage where homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate.
Anaphase I
Meiosis I stage where homologous chromosomes separate to opposite poles.
Telophase I
Meiosis I stage forming two haploid cells.
Meiosis II
Second meiotic division similar to mitosis but with half the chromosomes.
Genetic variation
Offspring diversity due to independent assortment and crossing over.
Reduction division
Diploid to haploid cell transformation.
Phases
Prophase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I, Telophase I, Prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II.
Purpose
Production of gametes for sexual reproduction.
Two divisions
Meiosis I and Meiosis II.