CEN 304 EXAM 1

When there is only one phase present and the substance cannot be removed from the liquid without accomplishing a phase change, it is said to be __________.

Dissolved

These are large enough to settle out of solution or be removed by filtration: __________.

Suspended solids

Removed by centrifugation or filtration through very small pore spaces- not settling or normal filtration; Measured by using turbidity Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU): __________.

Colloidal particles

True or False: 1 ppm equals 1 ug of pollutant per kg of solid (mg/kg): __________.

False

Al3+ has how many equivalents per mole? __________.

3

Alkalinity is typically expressed as __________.

CaCO3

Henry’s Law constant refers to chemical equilibrium between air and __________.

Water

True or False: Acidic solutions have pH < 7: __________.

True

In most natural waters with pH = 6-8, the alkalinity is mostly due to what chemical species? __________.

HCO3-

The terms in a mass balance equation are __________.

Q*C, m (m dot), dm/dt, Q*Density

True or False: The following equation represents 1st order decay: dC/dt = -k: __________.

False

State the following rate constant units indicate that a reaction is first order: __________.

/min or /s

The following equations would be used to calculate the half-life of a chemical that degrades according to a 1st order reaction: __________.

0.693/k

True or False: For a steady-state problem, the concentration is constant within the control volume: __________.

True

A sewer has been draining into a river for a long period of time. Would this be considered steady or non-steady state? __________.

Steady state

A sewer just started draining into a river. Would this be considered steady or non-steady state? __________.

Non-steady state

True or False: For a PFR, there is a mixing in the axial direction: __________.

False

A PFR model is most appropriately used to model the following: __________.

Pipe

A CMFR model is most appropriately used to model the following: __________.

Lake, irrigation channel, river

True or False: A PFR can achieve a higher removal efficiency for a given volume compared to a CMFR: __________.

True

Greenhouse gases absorb most strongly in which part of the electromagnetic spectrum? __________.

Infrared

True or False: Greenhouse gases occur naturally: __________.

True

What is the name of the federal legislation first passed in 1970 that defined the federal government’s responsibilities for protecting and improving the nation’s air quality? __________.

Clean Air Act

What are the Criteria Air Pollutants? __________.

CO, NO2, PM10, O3, SO2, Pb

Define Energy: __________.

Capacity to do useful work

Define Work: __________.

Force acting on a body through a distance

Define Power: __________.

Rate of doing work

Define Specific heat: __________.

Quantity of heat required to increase unit mass of a substance by one degree

Define Latent heat of fusion: __________.

Energy to cause phase change from solid to liquid

Define Latent heat of vaporization: __________.

Energy to cause phase change from liquid to gas

True or False: The EPA regulated based on the AQI: __________.

False

True or False: NAAQS are enforced by the EPA: __________.

False

The goal of the Cap and Trade system for acid rain was to reduce what following chemicals? __________.

SOx, NOx

For adsorption systems, a collected pollutant remains in the adsorption bed, until the bed becomes saturated and the pollutant leaks out. This is called __________.

Breakthrough

True or False: The price of solar cells is increasing: __________.

False

What renewable resources are considered intermittent? __________.

Solar, Wind Power

True or False: As one rises up into the atmosphere, the temperature always decreases: __________.

False

During unstable conditions, vertical movement of an air parcel in the atmosphere is encouraged upward or downward, while during stable conditions, vertical movement is discouraged: __________.

True

True or False: A gamma value of -5 C/km represents a stable atmosphere: __________.

True