Studied by 16 people
What is a physical map
A map that shows physical features
What is a relief map?
Map that dramatizes physical features
What is a political map?
map that shows boundaries,labels,names,people etc
What is a world map?
Map that shows the entire world(landmasses and bodies of water)
Regional Map
connections and similarities in a certain region
Ex: South Florida
What is a national map?
a map that only shows one country
What is a local map?
a local map is a large-scale map that shows a small area in great detail
What is a reference map?
its a map that one refers to a map to find a specific location
What is a mobility map?
A map that shows movement(roads,etc)
What is a chloropleth map?
Using colors to demonstrate the theme of the map
often used for the climate map
What is a dot map?
uses a little or many dots with a theme
Population map
What is gradient map?
uses size/different gradients of color to identify a theme
What is a thematic map?
any map focused on any specific theme
What is topographic map?
map that shows elevation(above and below sea level)
Creates images with lines
What is a contour map?
uses different elevations to create a visual such as a city
What is a homolosive map?
Cuts out a lot of the water and focuses on the land forms
What is a Robinson Projection Map?
teaches students about the looks of the earth and relationships with the earth
Often found in classrooms
Map distorts distance and direction
What is Mercator Projection?
distort size and shape
Absolute in distance
Care about how far away land is and how to get their(Vikings)
What is an Azimuthal Projection?
see poles
Everything past equater is distorted
What is a polar projection?
only shows South Pole to equator
Only one hemisphere
What is a Landsat?
land photographed by a satellite
What is cartograph?
Takes a map and inflates a certain area based on a topic
What are the different types of scale?
Fractional Scale: ratio representing the map measurements: real life measurements (1 inch:24,000 miles)
Verbal Scale: geographical scope used to analyze and understand the phenomenon (local,national,and globa)
What does the term “Why of Where” describe
The term describes how the primary methodology behind geography is spatial analysis and that two questions make up this methodology.
Where are things located?
Why are they located where they are?
Describe the geographical concept of Location.
Refers to the geographical position of people/things on the earth(absolute;latitude,longitude)
Understanding where something is/should be located and why it is there: Location Theory
What are the two different types of location?
absolute location: precise coordinates/ (latitude,longitude)
relative location: location of a place or attribute relative to another place or attribute
Describe the geographical concept of Human-Enviornment Interactions.
relationship between humans and the physical world and how they mutually affect each other
How people adapt and alter a new place and vice versa
What is culture ecology?
concerned with culture as a system of adaptation to and alteration of the enviornment
What is enviornmental determinism?
what you can do is limited by your physical enviornment
What is environmental possibilism?
As humans became more advanced through tecnology and ideas, people overcame what the enviorment determined a certain place to be
Describe the geographical concept of regions.
similarities between places
Examples:Human phenomenon(language,religion), Physical Phenomenon(tornadoes and earthquakes)
What is a formal region?
shared physical/cultural traits(one or more)
Shares a specific geographical feature Ex: l’arts of China
What is a functional region?
area with a shared common purposes such as trade
Shared economical,political,social purpose
Defined by the fact of how people within a certain region function together politically socially or economically
What is a perceptual region?
images people carry in their minds of certain people,places,and things
Can include people and their cultural traits,places and physical traits, and build enviornments
Involves pictures while vernacular region involves words
What is the “sense of place”?
The emotions and feeling associated with a certain place
What is perception of a place?
one develops a perception of a place that they have never been to by reading books,seeing pictures,watching movies,hearing stories,etc
Describe the geographical concept of movement
mobility of people,goods and ideas
Migration
Expresses how people are interconnected
What is diffusion?
spread of idea,innovation from its hearth(origin) to other people/places
What is spatial interaction?
degree of connectedness or contact among certain people/places
Another term for distance-decay
DĂ©pends on distance between places, accessibility of other places and the transportation/communication connectivity among certain places
What is expansion diffusion?
Innovation or idea that develops in a hearth and remains strong while spreading outward
What is cultural landscape?
visible imprint of human activity on the land
How does Carl Sauer explain cultural landscape?
composed of the « forms superimposed on the physical landscape » by human activity
What is sequential occupancy?
People living in a certain area leave behind some of their culture when they locate
What is GIS?
Geographical information system
combine computers hardware and software to analyse And solve geographical problem by layering maps
What is GPS?
geographical positioning system
Enables us to find features on Earth accurately
Location
Often satellite based
What is remote sensing?
method that collects data through instruments that are far away from the area being studied
Examples:satellite,aircrafts, and drones
What is an activity space?
Space we move through routinely
What is a mental map?
map made from our own personal experiences differs between indivisuals
Describe geographical concept of place
Relationship with the things around you
What is population density?
Measure of total population relative to land area
What is arithmetic population density
Amount of people per square mile of land in a country
What is physiologic population density?
amount of people per square land of arable land
More people per square mile
More accurate than arithmetic population density
What are the four largest population clusters and describe them?
East Asia: China,Korea,Japan
South Asia: India,Pakistani,Bangladesh
Europe
North America
What does the term megalopolis mean?
Refer to a huge urban agglomeration such as the one that stretches along the areas of the East coast in the United States and Canada
Who was Thomas Malthus?
British economist
He warned the world that about ow the world’s population was increasing faster than the food supplies needed to sustain it
Reasoned that food growled linearly and that population grows exponentially
What are problems with Malthus’ theory?
He did not foresee how goods would be spread through globalization and the advancements of new agricultural methods
What are neo-malthusians?
support Malthus
Say that overpopulation will cause disaster on earth
What is natrual increase?
Difference between number of births and deaths in a year. Positive if births exceed deaths and negative if deaths exceed births. Does not include emigration and immigration.
What is the crude birth rate?
Number of live births per year per thousand people
What is crude death rate?
number of deaths per year per thousand people
What is a dot map?
used to repersent population distribution
Each dot on the map represents a certain number of people
What is a doubling time?
The time required for a population to double in size
What is carrying capacity?
The amount of people/animals that a certain area of land can hold
What is total fertility rate?
the average number of children born to women of childbearing age(15-49)
What replacement level does a country need to keep their stable population?
TFR 2.1
What is the DTM model?
Model suggesting that a country’s birth and death rate change in predictable ways over stages of economic development
Describe the first stage of the DTM model.
fluctuating birth and death rates
Low population growth
Pre agricultural stage to agricultural revolution stage
Marked by high birth and death rates(plagues and epidemics)
Specific example of DTM first stage
Europe was hit by bubonic plague and several people died causing low population growth despite high birth rates
18th century
What is the third stage of the DTM model?
high birth rates and rapidly declining death rates and very high natrual increase rates
“Population explosion” in Europe
Improvements in medical technology,food,sanitation,healthcare
Increased life span
20th century
Describe stage two of the DTM.
increasing population growth
Gradually decreasing deaths and slightly increasing births
From agriculture to industry
Machines make work easier
Second agricultural revolution
19th century
Describe the 4th stage of the DTM.
21st century
Low birth rates,low death rates, stable/slowing rates of natural increase
Happened due to modern contraceptives and more women in the workforce
Include higher income countries
What do population pyramids repersent?
Represent certain structures of the population such as age and sex
What are the different types of population pyramids?
Chimney/Peripheral
poor country
Workforce starts young at age 10
Short life span/only live till late 40s
Need a lot of children to take care of the few adults by working
Inverted Pyramid
Japan
Elderly is the biggest portion as the population isn’t having many children
Issue as there is no future workforce
Normal/Perfect
4)round vase
rural/farming
Dependent on agriculture
Central America/Asian countries
Vase
dependent on industry
Wealthy countries
Big workforce and smaller youth
What is infant mortality rate?
Probability that a child will die before the age of 1
What is child mortality rate?
probability a child will die when between the ages of 1-5
What is life expectancy?
Average number of years a person is supposed to live for
Differs between men and women
What is HIV/AIDS impact in Africa?
many people are dieing due to this
Shortened people’s life span in Africa
Affected Africa’s economy and the amount of people that are able to work
Began to spread to other countries
What causes infectious diseases?
resulting from an invasion of parasites and their multiplication in the body
infects youths weak immune system
What is an endemic?
A disease that prevails over a very small area
What is a epidemic?
A disease that spreads throughout one country
What is a pandemic?
A disease that has spread to more than one country
What is a vectored infectious disease?
A disease transmitted by a carrier with disease from person to person
Ex: Example:
a mosquito stings a person that is infected with malaria
2)The mosquito sucks up some of that blood along with parasities that reach the bug’s saliva
3)These mosquitos’s then sting someone else and the disease is injected into someone’s blood stream
4)Now that person develops malaria as the parasites grow in the infected person’s body
What is an expansive population policy?
Policy that encourages large families and raises the rate of natrual increase
Expansive Policies in Europe
Ulyanovsk Provice held a national day of conception(Russia)
More companies such as France and widen began promoting gender equality and boosting fertility rates by adopting family friendly policies
Offered tas incentives,job leaves,etc to parents
More women were in the work force meaning less kids meaning less future workers leading to these policies
What is a eugenic policy and give an example.
Policies designed to discourage/ostracize different groups of people from having children
In the Holocast the Nazi’s targeted the Jewish population from reproducing as they wanted to get rid of them
What is a restrictive policy and give an example.
policies designed to restrict a population’s birth/fertility rate
Example: China’s one-child policy restricts how many children the citizens of China were able to have by penalizing them
What is cyclic movement?
Describes a regular journey that begins at a certain place and returns to the same place in a short period of time
Cyclic movement examples
going from home to school and going back home again
What is periodic movement?
a longer period of time away from the home base than cyclic movement but still coming home eventually
Periodic movement example
Going home to college for a long period of time then going home to spring break
What is nomadism?
way of life of peoples who do not live continually in the same place but move cyclically or periodically
Move around based on trade and carry goods to places to trade
What is transhumance?
a specialized form of pastoralism that is practiced on a mountain when ranchers move livestock to move up and down the mountain during summer months and winter months
What is migration?
Intent to make a permanent move to a destination different from starting point
What is international migration?
Intent to cross some country border to permanently reside somewhere else outside of the country’s borders
What is internal migration?
leave one place with internet to permantley reside somewhere else within the same country
What is immigration?
Crossing a border and entering a country
What is emmigration
Crossing a countries’ borders to leave that country
What is forced migration?
Migration imposed on a group of people from one place to another
Jewish people in Germany were forced to flee during the holocaust as their lives were in danger
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