Studied by 0 people
What was the Enlightenment?
A philosophical movement that challenged traditional authority and promoted reason and individual rights.
What does 'Question authority' mean in the context of the Enlightenment?
It refers to the call for individuals to challenge established norms and power structures.
What was Japan's status before 1853?
Complete isolationism under the Tokugawa Shogunate, with strict control over foreign contact.
Who was Matthew Perry?
An American naval officer whose arrival in 1853 forced Japan to open its ports to foreign trade.
What was the Meiji Restoration?
A period beginning in 1868 when Japan transitioned from a feudal society to a modern industrial power.
What were the key transformations during the Meiji Restoration?
Adoption of Western technology, education, and military structures.
What was the French Revolution?
A significant event that abolished the monarchy and introduced concepts of citizenship and rights.
What was a key outcome of the Haitian Revolution?
It resulted in the creation of the first Black independent republic and challenged global racial hierarchies.
Who led the Haitian Revolution?
Toussaint Louverture, a former slave and military strategist.
What was a major technological shift during the Industrial Transformation?
The shift to coal as the primary energy source.
What societal issues arose from industrialization?
Child labor, horrendous working conditions, long hours, and wealth inequality.
What were the Opium Wars?
Conflicts (1839-1842, 1856-1860) that resulted in China being forced into unequal treaties with Western powers.
What happened to China after the Opium Wars?
China was carved into spheres of influence, affecting its sovereignty and economy.
Who was Otto von Bismarck?
A German statesman known for unifying Germany through warfare and diplomatic strategies.
What does 'blood and iron' refer to?
Bismarck's philosophy that national unification could be achieved through conflict and militaristic strength.
What is nationalism?
A political ideology where cultural identity becomes the basis for political organization.
What is socialism?
A political and economic theory advocating for collective ownership and response to capitalism.
What is Zionism?
A national movement advocating for the establishment and support of a Jewish state.
What role did the telegraph play in global communication?
It connected continents, facilitating instant communication.
What impact did steamships have on travel?
They significantly reduced global travel time and enhanced trade.
What was a consequence of the rise of railroads?
They reshaped internal transportation and improved connectivity within countries.
How did the printing press contribute to ideological shifts?
It rapidly spread ideas and information, facilitating the Enlightenment and revolutionary movements.
What happened to traditional power structures during this period?
Monarchies were challenged and colonial systems became destabilized.
What was the significance of individual rights in this time period?
They became a central concept in new political ideologies and nation-states.
How did the Industrial Revolution affect urban migration?
It led to massive urban migration as people sought jobs in factories.
What were the social consequences of the industrial factory system?
It included poor working conditions, child labor, and a rise in social classes.
What did the Enlightenment thinkers advocate for?
They promoted the use of reason and the demand for rights.
How did foreign contact change Japan's society?
Japan underwent rapid modernization and industrialization after opening to the West.
What were 'unequal treaties'?
Agreements that favored Western powers at the expense of weaker nations, like China.
What transformation occurred in Germany during the unification?
Germany transitioned from fragmented states to a powerful European nation-state.
What was a revolutionary idea introduced by the French Revolution?
The concept of citizen rights and secular government.
Why was the Haitian Revolution significant on a global scale?
It was the first successful revolt by enslaved people against colonial powers.
What military strategy did Bismarck employ for unification?
He used calculated warfare, employing diplomacy to achieve unification.
What characterized the social classes created by the Industrial Revolution?
New industrial classes emerged, including a distinct working class and a wealthier industrial elite.
What were the horrific working conditions during industrialization?
These included long hours, dangerous environments, and lack of safety regulations.
What role did European powers play in China's forced transformation?
They used superior military technology and economic pressure to assert dominance.
What was the impact of the first modern secular government?
It separated religious authority from state governance, promoting secular policies.
How did the enlightenment influence revolutions?
It provided ideological foundations for challenging authority and demanding rights.
What marked the end of Japan's isolationist period?
The arrival of Commodore Matthew Perry and his Black Ships in 1853.
How did the Industrial Revolution affect wealth distribution?
It led to massive wealth inequality between industrialists and workers.
What was the role of child labor during this period?
Child labor became normalized in factories, often exploiting young workers.
What was a key characteristic of the Meiji Restoration?
It represented drastic societal transformation in Japan from tradition to modernization.
How did revolutionary ideas spread across Europe after the French Revolution?
The spread of pamphlets and ideas via the printing press facilitated this.
What was one key feature of the communication revolution?
The introduction of the telegraph allowed for rapid information exchange.
What led to the emergence of new nation-states?
The collapse of traditional empires and the rise of nationalism.
What were the challenges posed to monarchies during this period?
Revolutionary ideas and movements undermined the legitimacy of monarchies.
What did the Industrial Transformation signify?
A significant shift in economic structures from agrarian to industrial production.
How did imperial expansion reshape global power dynamics?
It restructured global power, creating new colonial relationships and dependencies.
What role did ideology play during the global transformations?
Emerging ideologies influenced political movements and reshaped national identities.
What was a result of the communication transformation?
Enhanced global connectivity and exchange of ideas, impacting societies worldwide.
What did the Opium Wars signify for China's sovereignty?
They demonstrated the vulnerability of China to Western imperialist powers.
Note 
Flashcard (20)