AP Psychology - Vocabulary 15

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43 Terms

1

psychotherapy

treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

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2

evidence-based practice

clinical decision making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

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3

group therapy

therapy conducted with groups rather than individuals, permitting therapeutic benefits from group interaction

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4

insight therapies

therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing a person's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

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5

therapeutic alliance

a bond of trust and mutual understanding between a therapist and client, who work together constructively to overcome the client's problem

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6

biomedical therapy

prescribed medications or procedures that act directly on the person's physiology

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7

eclectic approach

an approach to psychotherapy that uses techniques from various forms of therapy

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8

psychoanalysis

(1) Freud's theory of personality that attributes thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts (2) Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique used in treating psychological disorders. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferences - and the therapist's interpretations of them - released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

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9

resistance

in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

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10

interpretation

in psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

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11

transference

in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

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12

client-centered therapy

a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within an accepting, genuine, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth (also called person-centered therapy)

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13

active listening

empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Rogers' client-centered therapy

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14

behavior therapy

therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

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15

counterconditioning

behavior therapy procedures that use classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors; include exposure therapies and aversive conditioning

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16

exposure therapies

behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization and virtual reality exposure therapy, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imaginary or actual situations) to the things they fear and avoid

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17

systematic desensitization

a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety -triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias

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18

virtual reality exposure therapy

a counterconditioning technique that treats anxiety through creative electronic simulations in which people can safely face their greatest fears, such as airplane flying, spiders, or public speaking

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19

averse conditioning

associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

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20

token economy

an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for privileges or treats

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21

cognitive therapy

therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

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22

cognitive-behavior therapy

a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeated thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

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23

family therapy

therapy that treats people in the context of their family system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

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24

psychopharmacology

the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

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25

tardive dyskinesia

a side effect of antipsychotic medications. a condition affecting the nervous system

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26

electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

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27

psychosurgery

surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

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28

lobotomy

a psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

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29

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

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30

Jungian psychoanalysis

an occult reinterpretation of Freud; the collective unconscious; there is a biological drive to unite with the divine

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31

Adlerian psychoanalysis

sibling rivalry; inferiority complex; striving for perfection a major cause of problems; power is the key to relationships

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32

Lacanian psychoanalysis

most famous interpreter of Freud today; to be happy we must limit our desires

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33

primal therapy

Arthur Janov, pop psychology at its worst; a primal scream heals the trauma of childbirth

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34

logotherapy

Victor Frankl; focus all attention on what gives meaning and problems become less significant; Existential in nature

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35

reality therapy

William Glasser; face problems from a 'realistic' point of view; responsibility; contracts

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36

transactional analysis

have clear lines of communication; parent, adult and child taken from Freud's understanding of personality

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37

rational-emotive therapy

Albert Ellis; in the cognitive tradition, but Ellis presents himself as a know-it-all guru with nihilistic tendencies

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38

free association

clients verbally report without censorship any thoughts that enter their awareness

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39

genuineness

refers to consistency between the way the therapist feel and the way he or she behaves

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40

openness

involves the clients' willingness to invest themselves in therapy and take risks required to change themselves

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41

self-relatedness

refers to the clients ability to experience and understand internal states, relate to the process of therapy, and apply what they have learned

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42

dialectical behavior therapy

developed by Marsha Linehan; eclectic treatment designed for borderline personality disorder

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43

dodo bird verdict

the finding for similar efficacy for widely different therapies

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