Johnson to Carter

Johnson, Lyndon B.

The U.S. president notable for his civil rights advocacy and refusal to sign the Southern Manifesto, which opposed desegregation.

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Legislation that authorized the use of military force in Vietnam based on reported attacks on U.S. ships.

Operation Rolling Thunder

Extensive bombing campaign aimed at weakening North Vietnam's infrastructure during the Vietnam War.

War of Attrition

A military strategy focusing on inflicting casualties on the enemy rather than securing territory.

Tet Offensive

A surprise attack launched by North Vietnamese forces in January 1968, demonstrating their capability to strike effectively.

Vietnamization

Nixon's strategy aimed at decreasing American troop levels and transitioning combat responsibilities to South Vietnamese forces.

Great Society

A series of domestic programs initiated by LBJ aimed at eliminating poverty and racial injustice.

National Organization for Women (NOW)

An organization established to advocate for women’s rights and the enforcement of anti-discrimination laws.

Title IX

A law aimed at preventing sex-based discrimination in educational institutions.

Stonewall Riot

A pivotal event in LGBTQ+ history that sparked the modern gay rights movement.

Chicano Movement

A civil rights movement focused on addressing social injustices faced by Mexican Americans.

American Indian Movement (AIM)

A movement advocating for Native American rights and recognition.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

An agency created to oversee and enforce environmental protection regulations.

Southern Strategy

Nixon's political strategy aimed at appealing to disaffected white voters in the South.

Pentagon Papers

Classified documents about the Vietnam War that were leaked, contributing to public distrust of the government.

Iranian Hostage Crisis

A diplomatic crisis during Carter's presidency where 52 American diplomats and citizens were held hostage in Iran.

Stagflation

An economic condition characterized by high inflation and high unemployment occurring simultaneously.

Bakke v. Regents of the University of California

A Supreme Court case that examined the legality of affirmative action policies.

Roe v. Wade

A landmark Supreme Court decision affirming women's reproductive rights.

My Lai Massacre

A military incident during the Vietnam War involving the killing of Vietnamese civilians, which caused public outrage.

Credibility Gap

The growing distrust between the public and the government regarding the Vietnam War.

Détente

A foreign policy strategy aimed at easing tensions between the United States and other countries, particularly during Nixon's presidency.