Medieval Period

What king died, initiating the Battle of Hastings when the Normans invaded

Edward the Confessor

Example of a castle Normans built to dominate landscape

Tower of London

According to the doomsday book, how many people were slaves? (led to abolishment of slavery)

10%

What was murdrum?

Normans initiated Murdrum, which meant that a village received collective fines if the murderer of a Norman murdered nearby wasn't found within 5 days

When were the Jews invited by Normans?

1070

Which king issued the Charter of Liberties (which meant monarchs provided Jews with extra protection)?

Henry I

Impact of Charter of Liberties (negative)

Jews paid high taxes so charged higher interest, which angered people = resentment from Christians

What events increased anti-Semitism in 1095?

Crusades - Jews labelled 'non-believers'

When was the dead body of William of Norwich found?

1144

What was the book called, published by Thomas Monmouth, that claimed that Jews were planning to murder a Christian child every Good Friday?

The Blood Libel

When was the York massacre?

1190

Why did the York massacre occur?

Barons didn't want to pay back debts to Jews so tried to murder them, but the Jews hid in a nearby castle and committed mass suicide

When were Jews expelled? (after a period of increasingly anti-Semitic laws)

1290

When did rich banking families from Northern Italy start arriving?

1220s

Why did the Lombard bankers come?

• saw a chance to make a profit from growing English wool trade -> pope had previously ruled that they could charge interest
• Henry II was turning against Jewish money lenders -> they could lend money to king instead

What were many Italian families, such as Bardis of Florence given?

Letters of Protection

Why did many people dislike Lombard bankers?

Merchants regularly demanded controls on them (often successful) + public felt they would take their money then leave

What was the impact of the Lombard bankers on the city of London's financial status?

Encouraged trade, financed foreign wars, introduced the words 'bank', 'credit' and '£'

What did the Merchants Charter granted to the Hanseatic League in 1303 do?

Gave the Hansa merchants special protects such as tax or customs privileges

Who granted the Hanseatic league a Merchants Charter?

Edward I

Where were Hansa merchants allowed to own their own houses? (suggests they had good relations as migrants usually had to stay in local's houses so they could be spied on)

Lynn

Where was the home of the Hanseatic league?

London Steelyard

When was the London Steelyard destroyed in anti-foreigner riots during the Great Rebellion?

1381

Where did the Hansa merchants make a significant financial centre?

City of London

Why did Flemish migrants come to England?

Refugees from conflict in Flanders due to poverty + after Edward III restricted wool exports

When did Edward III restrict wool exports to build cloth making industry?

1330s

Who set up the guild of Flemish weavers that reached an agreement with local workers (because locals thought Flemish were threatening their jobs)?

John Kempe

How many migrants were killed during the 1381 Great Rebellion?

Over 140

Which city did Flemish migrants make a centre of trade and wealth through their trade in cloth making?

Manchester

3 examples of kings placing restrictions on immigrants as they felt threatened (weak kings)

• In 1325, Edward II had all foreigners near the South coast arrested when he feared a French invasion
• Richard II forced foreign merchants to live in the households of English people after he received pressure from trade guilds (so that the people could spy on them)
• in 1456, during Henry VI's unstable reign, Italian merchants moved from London to Winchester as they felt so threatened for their safety

What was the Alien Register tax

• from the 1440s, all foreign-born people had to pay the Aliens register tax -> to stop receiving tax, foreigners had to have a letter of denization from the king, giving them the same rights as the English people after paying and swearing allegiance