Chapter 4 Key Terms APUSH

Arminianism

Belief that salvation is offered to all humans but is conditional on acceptance of God’s grace. Different from Calvinism, which emphasizes predestination and unconditional election

Borderlands

Places where two or more nations or societies border each other, and where power is dispersed among competing actors, resulting in fluid social relations, hybrid cultures, and the absence of firmly agreed Sovereignty.

Diesm

Natural Religion, the idea that God created a rational universe based on natural law and does not intervene

Enlightenment

A movement in the18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions

Molasses Act

Tax on imported molasses passed by Parliament in an effort to squelch the North American trade with the French West Indies. It proved largely ineffective due to widespread smuggling

New York Slave Revolt

Uprising of approximately two dozen slaves that resulted in the deaths of nine whites and the brutal execution of twenty-one participating blacks

Paxton Boys

Armed march on Philadelphia by Scotts-Irish frontiersmen in protest against the Quaker establishment’s lenient policies toward Native Americans

Pietism

This was the movement within Lutheranism that revived Protestantism that called for an emotional relationship, allowed for the priesthood of all believers, and the Christian rebirth in everyday affairs

Poor Richard’s Almanack

Widely read annual pamphlet edited by Benjamin Franklin. Best known for its proverbs and aphorisms emphasizing thrift, industry, morality, and common sense

Regulator Movement

Eventually violent uprising of backcountry settlers in North Carolina against unfair taxation and the control of colonial affairs by the seaboard elite

Zenger Trial

New York libel case against John Peter Zenger. Established the principle that truthful statements about public officials could not be persecuted as libel

French settler on America in the 1770’s; he prosed the question of what “American” is after seeing people in America like he had never seen before. American really became a mixture of many nationalities

Michel Guilaume

Jacobus Arminius

Dutch theologian who rejected predestination; preaching that salvation could be attained through the acceptance of God’s grace and was open to all, not just the elect

Jonathan Edwards

American theologian and Congregational clergymen, whose sermons stirred the religious revival, called the Great Awakening.

George Whitefield

English clergymen who was known for his ability to convince many people through his sermons. He involved himself in the Great Awakening in 1739 preaching his belief of gaining salvation

John Trumbull

American artist and painter who painted four panels in the Capital Rotunda in Washington: The Declaration of Independence, The Surrender of General Burgoyne, Surrender of Lord Cornwallis, and The Resignation of General Washigton

Phillis Wheatley

First African American female writer to be published in the United States. Her book Poems on Various Subjects was published in 1773, pioneered African American literature. One of the most well known poets in America during her day; first African American to get a volume of poetry published

John Locke

17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property

William Pitt

The Prime Minister of England during the French and Indian War. He increased the British troops and military supplies in the colonies, and this is why England won the war

Thomas Hobbes

English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings