The Dissolving Process

These flashcards cover key concepts regarding the dissolving process, types of mixtures, the role of solvents, dissociation of ionic compounds, solubility factors, and electrolyte behavior.

What is the process of ionic solids dissolving in water called?

The dissolving process where ionic solids break apart to make solutions.

What are the three types of mixtures?

Solutions, suspensions, and colloids.

What is a solution?

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances in a single phase with particles smaller than 1 nm.

What defines a suspension?

A heterogeneous mixture where particles are too large to stay suspended, typically larger than 1000 nm.

What is a colloid?

A mixture with intermediate particle sizes (1-1000 nm) that do not settle out and may appear homogeneous.

What effect is observed in colloids such as yogurt and milk?

The Tyndall effect, where light is scattered by particles.

What is the significance of water being a bent molecule?

It is a polar molecule with a negative oxygen end and positive hydrogen ends, allowing it to attract both positive and negative ions.

What does dissociation refer to in ionic compounds?

The separation of ionic compounds into their respective ions when dissolved in water.

Write the dissociation equation for MgCl2.

MgCl_2
ightarrow Mg^{2+} + 2Cl^{-}.

What are examples of molecules that do not dissociate in water?

Non-ionic molecules like sugar.

What affects solubility of substances in water?

The strength of attractions in the ionic lattice compared to the attractions to water.

What is the solubility of NaCl at 25°C?

370 g/L.

How does temperature affect the solubility of solids in liquids?

Generally, solubility increases with temperature.

What happens to gas solubility as temperature increases?

Gas solubility decreases as temperature increases.

What is Henry's Law?

The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the pressure of the gas above the liquid.

What is the relationship between electrolytes and electrical conductivity?

Electrolytes conduct electricity in aqueous solutions or molten states due to the presence of mobile ions.

What is the difference between strong and weak electrolytes?

Strong electrolytes completely dissociate into ions, while weak electrolytes partially dissociate.

What does 'miscible' refer to in liquids?

Liquids that dissolve in each other, like alcohol and water.

What is a saturated solution?

A solution that holds the maximum amount of solute possible at a given temperature.

What is a supersaturated solution?

A solution that contains more solute than it should at a given temperature, typically achieved through cooling a saturated solution.