Male anf Female System and Urogenital Developement

Cryptochordism is when

testes fail to descend

Spermatic cord layers

external fascia (external oblique aponeurosis and muscle)

internal fascia (transversalis fascia

cremasteric fascia (internal oblique aponeurosis)

Spermaatic cord contains

ductus deferens

testicular artery and vein (pampiniform plexus)

genital branch of genitofemoral n

deferential artery and cremasteric artery

Scrotum is

a cutaneous pouch which contains testes and spermatic cords

Scrotum skin is wrinkled because of

dartos muscle

Scrotum is divided internally into

two chambers marked by perineal raphe

blood supply of scrotum

internal and external pudendal a, cremasteric artery

nerve supply of scrotum

pudendal nerve

PFC n

genital branch

ilioinguinal

Testes are what size

4-5cm long, 3cm wide, and 2 cm thick

testes partially covered by

tunica vaginalis

internal to tunica vaginalis testes are covered by white fibrous capsule called

tunica albuginea

testes function

production of sperm by seminiferous tubules

secretion of testosterone by interstitial cells

hormones that stimulate testes

LH for testosterone

FSH for spermatogenesis

Testicular cancer cause HCG and AFP to

increase

Male reproductive tract includes

epididymis

ductus deferens

ejaculatory ducts

urethra

epididymis

15-20 feet long when straight

site of sperm maturation

monitors tubular fluid

helps propell sperm cells toward urethra

recycling center for damaged spermatozoa

Vans Deferens

arises from inguinal ring and goes toward posterior surface of urinary bladder

ends as ampulla joins duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct

Vans Deferens function

convey mature sperm from epididymis to ejaculatory duct

Ejaculatory ducts formed by

union of vas deferens and duct of seminal vessicle

pierce posterior surface of prostrate and opens into part of urethra

ejaculatory duct function

drains seminal fluid into prostatic urethra

Male urethra consists of

prostatic

membranous

penile

Bulbourethral gland is also called

cowper’s glands

Urethral gland is also called

glands of littre

Seminal vesicles lies

posterior to surface of urinary bladder

medial to ampulla of vas deferencs

function of seminal vessicle

secrete alkaline that contains fructose, prostaglandins and clotting proteins

accounts for 60% of volume of semen

prostate is

a fibromuscular glandular organ shaped like inverted cone

prostate lies between

neck of bladder and urogenital diaphragm

prostate function

produce milky slightly acidic fluid and makes up for 20-30% of volume of semen

prostate also secretes

seminalplasmin

prostate blood supply

inferior vesical and middle rectal arteries

prostate venous drainage

prostatic venous plexis

prostate nerve supply

inferior hypo plexus

bulbourethral gland is within

deep perineal pouch

bulbourethral gland lies beneathe

spinchter urethrae muscle

secretion of bulbourethral gland goes into

penile urethrae

secretion of bulbourethral gland is

sticky alkaline mucus that neutralizes acidity of urethra and and lubes tip of penis

secretion of bulbourethral gland is result of

erotic stimulation and prior to ejaculation

Penis blood supply

internal and external pudendal artery

penis nerve supply

pudendal, pelvic and ilioinguinal nerve

bulbocavernosus reflex

pinch glans penis and contraction of anal sphincter

Average amount of fluid per ejaculation

3-5ml

Erection and lubrication is a what type of effect

parasympathetic (S2-4)

Emission is a what type of effect

sympathetic reflex

Ejaculation is a sympathetic reflex followed by

contraction of perineal muscles and internal urethral spincter also contracts

internal urethral spincter also contraction is to prevent

retrograde ejaculation

Female internal organs

ovaries, uterus, vagina

Ovary ligaments

suspensory and ovary ligaments

blood supply of ovary

ovarian a. (aorta branch)

Nerve supply for ovary

ovarian plexus

GVA fibers enter T10 spinal level

uterine tube is divided into

intramural segment, isthmus, ampulla, fimbrae

uterine tube blood supply

uterine and ovarian aa.

uterine tube nerve

inferior hypo plexus

uterus is what shape

pear shaped muscular organ

uterus anteflexion angle

170º

uterus anteversion angle

90º

uterus layers outer to inner

perimetrium

myometrium

endometrium

uterus ligament

round and broad ligament

broad ligaments extra parts

mesometrium

mesoalpinx

mesovarium

anteflexion is the angle b/t

body of uterus and cavity of cervix

anteversion is angle b/t

vaginal canal and uterus

uterus blood supply

uterine artery and ovarian artery

uterus nerve supply

inferior hypo plexus

at 9 months uterus is at what level

T10

vagina extends from

vestibule to cervix

culs de sac around cervix are called

fornices

Sphincter vaginae is in

deep pouch

vagina blood supply

vaginal artery and vaginal branch of uterine a.

vaginal nerve supply upper 3/4

uterovaginal plexus

vaginal nerve supply lower 1/4

pudendal nerve

Female external gentalia — Vulva

mons pubis, labia minora and majora, vestibule, clitoris, bulbs of vestibule

Mons pubis

rounded fatty emenince over pubic bone

Labia majora

two prominent longitudinal folds which bound urogential vestibule

Labia majora blood supply

external pudendal a.

labial branches of internal pudendal artery

Labia majora nerve supply

ilioinguinal

genitofemoral

pudendal

posterior femoral cutaneous

Labia minora

two small cutaneous folds medial to labia majora

Vestibule

cleft between labia minora

contains barthlins gland

hymen

Clitoris

equivalent of penis, does not contain urethra

attached to ischiopubic rami by crura

clitoris blood supply

internal pudendal a.c

clitoris nerve supply

pudendal n.

bulbs of vestibule

invested by bulbocavernous muscles