Colonization and Decolonization

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to colonization, decolonization, and the political and economic changes in Europe post-World War II.

Imperialism

A policy in which a country extends its power and influence over other nations or territories.

The Scramble for Africa

A period during the late 19th century where European nations aggressively partitioned and colonized Africa without regard for indigenous populations.

Berlin Conference

A meeting held in 1884-1885 where European powers agreed on the partition of Africa.

Exploration and Colonization

The process of exploring new territories and establishing control over them, often involving the extraction of resources.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests of a particular nation, often leading to independence movements.

Decolonization

The process through which colonies gain independence from colonial powers.

Partition and Run

A policy implemented by Great Britain during decolonization that involved withdrawing from colonies after drawing arbitrary borders.

Civil War

A conflict arising within a country, often due to ethnic or political divisions, frequently seen in post-colonial nations.

Suez Canal

A crucial waterway linking the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea, pivotal for trade between Europe and Asia.

Keynesian Economics

An economic theory advocating for government intervention to ensure economic stability and prevent deep recessions.

Welfare State

A government system that provides social services and financial support to ensure the well-being of its citizens.

Perestroika

A policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev aimed at restructuring the Soviet economy to introduce aspects of capitalism.

Glasnost

A policy of increased openness and transparency in government and society initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in the Soviet Union.

Solidarity

A political movement in Poland led by Lech Wałęsa that opposed communist rule and eventually led to democratic reforms.

The Euro

The currency adopted by many European countries to facilitate trade and economic integration within the European Union.

Boris Yeltsin

The first President of the Russian Federation who played a key role in the dismantling of the Soviet Union.