1.01 Heredity

Individuals

________ can adapt to a changing environment.

What do all organisims need to do?

Grow, repair, reproduce

What needs to be done in order for cells to grow, repair and reproduce?

Cell division

What is a key feature of cell division?

Passing of chromosomes from the parent to daughter cell

What are chromosomes?

Carry information for genetic traits

What is heredity?

Process of when chromosomes traits are passed from parents to offspring

What are genetics?

Scientific study of heredity and variation

What is genetic material?

A term used to describe all the material in an organism that stores genetic information

In our chromosomes, what is our genetic material stored as?

DNA

What is DNA?

Hundreds of thousands of chemical subunits that act as a set of chemical instructions for the cell

What is a gene?

Portion of DNA that carries info that helps produce particular trait of organism

What is a locus?

When each gene occupies a specific location on a chromosome

How many different genes can a typical chromosome carry?

Hundreds of thousands of different genes

What are we inheriting when we inherit traits from our parents?

Genes

In most multicellular organisims, how do most chromosomes occur?

in sets

What is one set of chromosomes called?

hapliod

What are 2 sets of chromosomes called?

dipliod

What are 3 sets of chromosomes called?

polyploid cell

What is asexual reproduction?

When new individual is produced from a single parent by cell division

What is sexual reproduction?

When new individuals are produced from the fusion of 2 sex cells

When does asexual reproduction usually occur?

Via cell division (mitosis)

What are genetically identical in asexual reproduction?

both parents and offspring

What are 3 advantages to asexual reproduction?

1. Parent organisms do not have to seek out a mate
2.Specialized mating behaviors are not required
3.No sexualized anatomy is required

Where do sex cells usually come from?

Produced from the fusion of 2 sex cells

How are offspring that are produced genetically different?

Since they obtain 1/2 their genetic material from each of their 2 parents

What are 2 disatvantages of sexual reproduction?

1. specialized organs are required to produce the sex cells
2. specialized ways to attract males can also attract predators
3. may require the loss of resources like nectar in flowers
4. risky, combining of genetic info may make the offspring weak

What are advantages of sexual reproduction?

adaptation