1.01 Heredity

What do all organisms need to do?

  • Grow, repair, reproduce

What needs to be done in order for cells to grow, repair, and reproduce?

  • Cell division

What is a key feature of cell division?

  • Passing of chromosomes from the parent to daughter cell

What are chromosomes?

  • Can carry information for traits

What is heredity?

  • The process of when chromosomes traits are passed from parents to offspring

What are genetics?

  • Scientific study of heredity and variation

What is genetic material?

  • Term used to describe all the material in an organism that stores genetic information

In our Chromosomes, what is our genetic material stored as?

  • DNA

What is DNA?

  • Hundreds of thousands of chemical subunits that act as a set of chemical instructions for the cell.

What is a gene?

  • Portion of DNA that carries info that helps produce particular trait of organism 

What is a locus?

  • When each gene occupies a specific location on chromosome

How many different genes can a typical chromosome carry?

  • Hundreds of thousands of different genes

What are we inheriting when we inherit traits from our parents?

  • We inherit genes

In most multicellular organisms, how do most chromosomes occur?

  • They occur in sets 

What is one set of chromosomes called?

  • haploid

What are 2 sets of chromosomes called?

  • Diploid

What are 3 sets of chromosomes called?

  • Polyploid cell

What is asexual reproduction?

  • When new individual is produced from a single parent by cell division

What is sexual reproduction?

  • When new individuals are produced from the fusion of 2 sex cells

When does asexual reproduction usually occur?

  • Via cell division (mitosis)

What are genetically identical in asexual reproduction?

  • Both parents and offspring

What are 3 advantages to asexual reproduction?

  • Parent organisms do not have to seek out a mate
  • Specialized mating behaviors are not required 
  • No soexualized anatomy is required

Where do sex cells usually come from?

  • Produced fromt he fusion of 2 sex cells

How are offspring that are produced genetically different?

  • Since they obtain ½ their genetic material from each of their 2 parents

What are 4 disadvantages of sexual reproduction?

  • Specialized organs are required to produce the sex cells
  • Specialized ways to attract males can also attract predators
  • May require the loss of resources like nectar in flowers
  • Risky, combing of genetic info may make the offspring weak

What are advantages of sexual reproduction?

  • Individuals can adapt to a changing environment

 1.Describe the relationship between between reproduction and heredity

  • Heredity is the process of when chromosome traits are passed from parents to offspring, through reproduction. In order for heredity to occur, reproduction is needed

2.Describe the relationship between DNA and chromosomes

  • The DNA molecule is packaged into thread like structures called chromosomes/

3. Describe the relationship between genetic information and gene

  • A gene is a portion of DNA that carries info that helps produce particular traits of an organism, and genetic information contains the instructions for all the proteins the organism will ever synthesize.

4.Describe the relationship between diploid and haploid

  • Haploid is used for one set of chromosomes, and diploid is used for 2 sets of chromosomes during reproduction