Chapter 5 - Sensation and Perception

Troxler Effect

________- Objects in the peripheral retina disappear under conditions of steady, unmoving stimulation but are revitalized by movement in the periphery.

Kinesthesia

________-"System for sensing the position and movement of individuals body parts "(pg.

Perceptual Constancy

________-"Perceiving objects as unchanging… even as illumination and retinal images change "(pg.

Hidden Observer

________- Part of your body still knows whats going on.

Transduction

________-"the process of converting one form of energy into another that our brain can use "(pg.

nervous system

Sensation (Bottom- Up Processing)-"the process by which our sensory receptors and ________ receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment "(pg.

Webers Law

________- Difference thresholds increase in proportion to the size of the stimulus.

Absorption

________- ability to become highly involved in sensory or imaginative sequences.

Absolute Threshold

________-"the minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus "(pg.

Expectancy

________- skepticism makes it less likely to work.

Retinal disparity

________- objects not being in the same place when off- center in front of you and looked at by one eye, helping you more accurately perceive distance.

Psychophysics

________- the study of the relationship between physical stimulation and psychological experience.

Color sensitive cones

________ are concentrated around the fovea, while the color- blind rods dominate the periphery of the retina.

visual cues

Our ability to maintain balance depends on ________.

Nystagmus

________- Reflex movement evoked by vestibular stimulation.

Brain

________ uses parallel processing of sensory information.

Dissociation

________- split in consciousness that allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

Monocular cues

________- use one eye to perceive depth of objects far from us.

Hypnotic Susceptibility

________- persons ability to become deeply hypnotized; suggestibility.

Field Independence

________- Rely on vestibular cues.

Field Dependence

________- Rely on visual cues.

Sensation (Bottom-Up Processing)

"the process by which our sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stimulus energies from our environment" (pg

Perception (Top-Down Processing)

"the process by which our brain organizes and interprets sensory information, transforming it into meaningful objects and events" (pg

Transduction

"the process of converting one form of energy into another that our brain can use" (pg

Psychophysics

the study of the relationship between physical stimulation and psychological experience

Absolute Threshold

"the minimum stimulus energy needed to detect a particular stimulus" (pg

Signal Detection

Individual absolute thresholds vary with our psychological state (expectations, motivations, and alertness)

Difference Threshold a.k.a., just noticeable difference (jnd)

The minimum difference in stimulation that a person can detect 50% of the time

Webers Law

Difference thresholds increase in proportion to the size of the stimulus

Gestalt

German for "form"; "whole"

Depth Perception

Visual cliff

Retinal disparity

objects not being in the same place when off-center in front of you and looked at by one eye, helping you more accurately perceive distance

Two different ways to perceive depth

binocular cues and monocular cues

Binocular cues

use both eyes to perceive depth of objects close to us

Monocular cues

use one eye to perceive depth of objects far from us

Troxler Effect

Objects in the peripheral retina disappear under conditions of steady, unmoving stimulation but are revitalized by movement in the periphery

Perceptual Constancy

"Perceiving objects as unchanging… even as illumination and retinal images change" (pg

Touch localization

Noticing where on your body you experience touch

Kinesthesia

"System for sensing the position and movement of individuals body parts" (pg

Vestibular Sense

"Sense of body movement and position, including the sense of balance" (pg

Nystagmus

Reflex movement evoked by vestibular stimulation

Field Dependence

Rely on visual cues

Field Independence

Rely on vestibular cues

Social Influence Theory

Hypnosis can be explained through other psychological experiences (Putting on an act as a good subject, even subconsciously)

Dissociation Theory

Separating into parts of yourself (Believing when given the suggestion of something)

Dissociation

split in consciousness that allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

Hidden Observer

Part of your body still knows whats going on

Hypnotic Susceptibility

persons ability to become deeply hypnotized; suggestibility

Absorption

ability to become highly involved in sensory or imaginative sequences

Motivation

self motivated for hypnotism works best8

Expectancy

skepticism makes it less likely to work