02 Lab Hearing & Equlibrium

internal acoustic meatus (where vestibulochclear and facial nerves exists)

external acoustic meatus (opening to middle ear) mastoid process- rinne test

pinna/auricle, external acoustic meatus, ceruminioud glands, malleus, incus, stapes, vestibular nerve, cochlear nerve, cochlear

malleus, incus, stapes, tendons to tensor tympanic muscle, oval window, round window, auditory tube, tympanic cavity, tymapnic membrane (part of outer ear), sound waves, external acoustic meatus, stablizing ligaments

cristaw within ampullae, utricle, saccule, cochlea, tympanic duct, cochlear duct, vestibular duct, semicircular ducts

how vibrations move thru cochlea

vibrations move from oval window toward the pointed end of cochlea via the scala vestibuli

(came from vestibule)

vibrations move through spiral organ in the cochlear duct, towards round window via the scala tympani to back toward tympanic cavity)

The measurement of sound intensity: Decibels

(logarithmic scale)

- dB -

whisper = 40

talking = ~65

earbuds = 110

concert = 120

prolonged or frequent listening over 90dB leads to hearing loss

the reception of sound

epithelial receptor cells (hair cells) with stereovilli (hairs)

scala vestibuli (contains perilymph), vestibular membrane, cochlear duct (contains endolymph), spiral organ (organ of corti), basilar membrane, scala timpani (conatins perilymph)

spiral ogan of corti

Depending on the Hz amount (frequency of sound wave), only specific areas within the cochlea respond (on the basilar membrane)

oval window base, tectorial membrane, apex, basilar membrane, 20Hz, 1500 Hz, 20,000 Hz, round window

static

dynamic

cochlea

choclear duct, organ of corgi, hairs cells on basilr membrane (receptor), sterovilli/cilia against tectorial membrane (receptor feature)

static vestibolear complex

structure- utricle and saccule and maculae

sesnory organ-otholatic membrane

receptor-hair cells

receptor ft. -sterocilia in gelatin material

calcoum carbonate crysals (otoliths)

dynamic vestibolar comp;ex

semicircular canals.ampullae

sensory organpcrista ampullaris

receptor-hair cells

sterocilia in gelatins cupula