AP Psychology Unit 8

mental disorders

mental disorders

any condition characterized by cognitive and emotional disturbances, abnormal behaviors, impaired functioning or any combination of these

international classification of diseases

the global standard to diagnose all health conditions that was compiled by the world health organization

insanity defenses

in criminal law, a defense that states the person is not liable for their conduct

m’naghten rule

states that if a person’s mental state was such that they did not know what they were doing or that it was wrong at the time the criminal act was committed that they could plead insanity

american law institute test

states that a person would not be responsible for their actions if a mental illness made them unable to understand that what they were doing was wrong/illegal or that they were unable to control their behavior

evolutionary perspective

originated from genes

psychoanalytic perspective

internal, unconscious conflicts

humanistic perspective

failure to satisfy hierarchy of needs, failure to reach potential

cognitive perspective

dysfunctional thoughts guide the individual body

sociocultural perspective

how their gender, socioeconomic states … effect someone

behavioral perspective

past conditioning, did the abnormality work

biomedical perspective

structural failures in the brain

medical model

most psychological disorder has a biological cue

diathesis - stress

genetic + environment

rosenhan

showed the need for unbias during theraphy

neurodevelopmental

a failure in the nerves in childhood/puberty

neurodevelopmental - autism spectrum disorder

difficulties with social interaction and communication

neurodevelopmental - attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

behaviors of impulsivity and inability to focus

neurodevelopmental - schizophrenia

disconnect with reality - issues in cognition, behavior and emotions: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized behavior

negative symptom

reduces certain behaviors or characteristics

positive symptom

adds certain behaviors or characteristics

anxiety - generalized anxiety disorder

excessive worry unable to control

anxiety - panic disorders

panic attacks, chest pain, respiration

anxiety - agoraphobia

fear of unfamiliar places

anxiety - social anxiety disorder

anxious in social situations, feels like being judged

anxiety - phobias

irrational fear and avoidance

OCD - body dysmorphic disorder

worrying about flaws in appearance

OCD - hoarding

collecting/saving unnecessary items for the fear that you are going to need them

OCD - trichotillomania

pulling hair from a particular part

depression - major depressive disorder

persistent sadness, poor appetite, reduced focus, suicidal thoughts

depression - persistent depressive disorder

less severe but larger period

bipolar disorder

a person alternates between mania and depression

mania

a state of excitement and overactivity, euphoria

depression

state of withdrawal, lack of energy, difficulty concentrating

depressive episodes

have the same symptoms as major depressive disorder

manic episodes

consist of heightened emotions, lots of energy, and possibly even delusional behavior

trauma stress disorder - post-traumatic stress disorder

reliving the trauma through dreams, avoidance behavior, mood change

somatic symptom disorder - illness anxiety disorder

worrying about getting sick

somatic symptom disorder - conversion disorder

physical disorders (blindness, pain etc.) that is psychological

dissociative - dissociative identity disorder

two identities that control actions in different times

dissociative - dissociative amnesia

when a person forgets vital info

dissociative - depersonalization

feeling detached from your body, 3rd body

dissociative - derealization

the world feels unreal

anxiety related personality disorders - avoidant personality disorder

extreme sensitivity to critisizm, withdrawal from social

shyzotypal personality disorder

communication problems, no close relationships

impulsive behaviors - narcissistic personality disorder

exaggerated sense of worth, talent, unlimited power

impulsive behaviors - borderline personality disorder

enduring instability of relations

impulsive behaviors - antisocial personality disorder

lack of consciousness, impulsivity regarding safety of others - no empathy

anorexia nervosa

starts as a weight loss diet which turns into a starvation diet, the individual will continue to feel overweight, may obsessively exercise

bulimia nervosa

starts as a weight loss diet but when the individual breaks the diet they start overeating the foods they were not letting themselves have. then the purge the food by either vomiting, excessive exercise or fasting. weight that fluctuates around normal

binge-eating disorder

a person is unable to stop a cycle of uncontrolled overeating and then feeling extremely remorseful after. because there is no purging behavior, this person might be overweight

substance and addictive disorders

excessive use of substances, drugs such as depressants, opioids, stimulants, and hallucinogens

psychotherapy

a therapist will use psychological techniques to help the clients mentally grow as a person or walk them through different challenges they face

psychopharmacology

biomedical therapy - a person is treated by medicine or other physical therapies

sigmund freud

created psychoanalysis - childhood experiences are what makes us - unconscious mind - free association

carl rogers

came up with client centered therapy

client centered therapy

the therapist does not tell the client what something means, they just listen and guide, patient explains

mary cover jones

behavioral psychologist, used counter conditioning

joseph wolpe

known with the exposure therapy

exposure therapy

a type of cognitive behavioral therapy in which your therapist creates a safe environment to expose you to your fears

token economy

therapist helps the client by providing a “token” or plastic coin after the client has done the desired behavior

albert ellis

created the rational emotive behavior therapy

rational emotive behavior therapy

a therapy approach that focuses on managing irrational or unhealthy thoughts, emotions, and behaviors

aaron beck

developed cognitive behavior therapy aka beck therapy

cognitive behavior therapy

helps people identify their distressing thoughts and evaluate how realistic the thoughts are

resistance

things that block free association

transference

patients feelings transfer to the therapist

averive conditioning

associates the thing with an aversice taste

unconditioned positive regard

caring, accepting approach

antipsychotic drugs

thorozine, haldol. dopamine antagonists (can cause parkinson’s)

tricyclic antidepressants

a class of medications used to manage and treat major depressive disorder. boosts serotonin, serotonin reuptake inhibitors

lithium

treats bipolar disorder (mood stabilizers)

barbiturates and benzodiazepines

depress the activity of the nervous system to decrease anxiety (anti-anxiety)

electroconvulsive therapy

electric current is passed throuhg

psychiatrists

doctors with a right to give grugs

clinical psychologists

Phd, deals with people suffering severely

counseling therapists

have psychology degree, less severe patients

psychoanalyst

freudian, may or may not have a degree

cathasis

process of releasing strong repressed emotions

psychoanalytic psychotherapy

unconscious conflicts - free association, dream interpretation, transference

humanistic psychotherapy

growth to ideal self - client centered therapy, existential therapy, unconditioned positive regard

behavioral psychotherapy

learn adaptive behavior - systematic desensitization flooding modeling, impulsive exposure therapy, aversive

cognitive psychotherapy

changing the irrational thoughts - rational emotive theory, cognitive triad

biological psychotherapy use of drugs/medical treatment

antianxiety drugs, ECT, rTMS, corpus collosum

group therapy

decreases the focus on the individual and creates a place where individuals can realize they are not the only one going through something, they are not alone