Nutrition Midterm ICC

Estimated Average Requirements (EARs) provide different amounts based on sex and age.

True

Which is the simplest nutrient?

Minerals

What effect can cooking have on the mineral content of food?

Minerals can be drawn out of food during processing or cooking.

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for a nutrient meets the needs of about ________ of the  population.

98%

Which type of study is the most reliable source for preventing bias?

Double-blind experiment

Calories or kcalories are a measure of _______ energy.

heat

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for fat is 20 to 35 percent kilocalories.

True

What step follows if a hypothesis is supported in the scientific method?

Develop a theory

What is the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for protein?

10 to 35 percent kilocalories

Research always begins with ________.

a problem or a question

A healthy 150-pound body contains about how many pounds of water?

90

Which of the following statements accurately describes vitamins?

Almost every action in the body requires the assistance of vitamins.

Which of the following does NOT represent one of the six classes of nutrients?

phytochemicals

Researchers benefit from a large sample size because ________.

chance variation is less likely to affect the results

Which title is given to a person who has a minimum of an associate’s degree from an accredited university and assists registered dietitians?

dietetic technician

Vitamins can only function in the human body if they are consumed

Intact

Most nutrient recommendations cannot be met through food alone and require the use of dietary supplements.

False

A person who eats a granola bar from a vending machine is most likely making a food choice based on: ____.

Easy availability

A calorie is a measure of heat energy.

 

True

Essential nutrients are those that

the body cannot make for itself in sufficient quantity

When conducting research, an educated guess like, “Diets rich in fiber always lead to good health,” is called a _______.

hypothesis

The international unit for measuring food energy is ________.

kilojoules

Ang is a movie fan and always eats a big bucket of buttery popcorn at the theater. His food choice is most likely based on ____.

positive association

Which title is given to a person who has a minimum of a bachelor’s degree from an accredited university, has completed a supervised practice program, and has passed a national examination administered by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics?

registered dietitian nutritionist

Which statement accurately describes physical exams as a nutrition assessment tool?

Hair and posture can provide clues to nutrient imbalances.

Drinking a glass of fruit juice will satisfy a person’s appetite better than eating a whole fruit like an apple

False

Which vitamin is found only in animal-derived foods?

 

Vitamin B12

A food label ingredient list reads in the following order: Wheat flour, vegetable shortening, sugar, salt, and cornstarch. What item would be found in the SMALLEST amount in this food?

 

Cornstarch

Omega-3 fatty acids are commonly found in _____________.

 

fatty fish

Orange juice containing added calcium is an example of which type of food?

fortified

Whole-grain flour contains all parts of the grain EXCEPT for the ____.

 

husk

A health claim on a food label requires approval by which entity?

 

Food and Drug Administration

Textured vegetable protein is usually made from ____.

 

soybeans

Based on the Daily Value, the recommended amount of fat for a 2000-kcalorie diet is 30 grams.

False

Which protein food would be the most appropriate to meet a vegetarian’s needs in one meal?

 

½ c pinto beans

Balance is the diet-planning principle of consuming a number of foods in proportion to each other.

True

The most highly fortified foods on the market are ____.

 

ready-to-eat breakfast cereals

A measure of the nutrients a food provides relative to the energy it provides; the more nutrients and the fewer kcalories, the higher the _______________.

 

nutrient density

What is the estimated daily energy needed for a sedentary sixty-year-old woman in kcalories?

1600

Iron is best absorbed from which food?

Meat

Baked beans are an example of a plant-based food that should be limited due to added sugar.

True

What is the serving size (equivalent to 1 oz of grains) of cooked rice in the USDA Food Patterns?

 

½ cup

According to nutrition labeling laws, the content of which of these two minerals must be listed on the Nutrition Facts panel?

 

Calcium and iron

A food label that advertises the product as a "rich source of fiber" is an example of a ____.

 

nutrient claim

What typically contain more saturated and trans fats than most oils?

 

Solid fats

Soybeans are a legume belonging to the starch category of exchange lists.

False

By consuming a variety of vegetables every day, you contribute all of the following to your diet EXCEPT ________.

 

niacin

What is the maximum number of grams of fat recommended on a 2000-kcalorie diet based on the Daily Value?

 

78

A person who eats only eggs, milk products, and plant foods is following which diet?

 

Lacto-ovo-vegetarian

Choosing a variety of protein foods, including seafood in place of meat or poultry, twice a week, will provide which vitamin?

 

Niacin

Fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates produces small fat molecules that contribute some energy.

 

True

How does insulin regulate blood glucose levels?

 

by lowering them

Given the average minimum amount of glucose used by the brain, the Recommended Daily Allowance for carbohydrate is how many grams per day?

 

130

Which of the following is secreted by the pancreas in response to low blood sugar?

 

glucagon

How does adequate fiber intake protect against diverticular disease?

 

strengthening GI tract muscles

How many carbohydrates does the body need each day to prevent ketosis?

 

50 to 100 g

Which form of fruit is recommended for the most fiber intake?

 

fruit with skin

Amylase is a salivary enzyme that breaks down protein.

False

Products containing which sweetener must carry a warning for people with phenylketonuria?

aspartame

Which fasting blood glucose level would be considered within the normal range?

 

77 mg/dL

Non-digestible carbohydrates attract water which softens stool for passage without straining. 

 

True

Carbohydrates should provide what percentage of the day's total energy intake to support good health?

 

45 to 65%

Which statement accurately describes carbohydrate in milk and milk products?

 

Most cheeses contain little, if any, carbohydrate

What function does sugar serve in jams and jellies?

 

Inhibits microbial growth

Glycogen is defined as a storage form of glucose, manufactured and stored in the body’s ________

 

muscles and liver 

When is glucose available to supply energy to the brain and other tissues?

 

anytime

Grains are the richest food source of starch.

True

Which of the following is secreted by the pancreas in response to elevated blood sugar?

insulin

Lactase is the enzyme required to digest the disaccharide lactose into its component monosaccharides.

 

True

The American Heart Association recommends men limit added sugars to how many kcalories per day?

 

150

Which fruit has a high glycemic index?

 

watermelon

The hormone(s) that signal the liver to release glucose are ________.

 

glucagon and epinephrine

Which of the following enzymes begins digestion?

 

amylase

Pectin from fruit is an example of which type of fiber?

 

soluble

When fat is broken down when carbohydrate is not available, ketone bodies are produced by the _____.

 

liver

Fat supplies about what percentage of the body’s ongoing energy needs during rest?

 

60%

What is the recommended weekly intake of fish?

 

8 ounces

Which of these oils provides the most omega-3 fatty acid?

 

flaxseed oil

What is the main cause of cardiovascular disease?

atherosclerosis

What does the process of hydrogenation do?

 

converts cis-fatty acids to trans-fatty acids

Which type of fat tends to be solid at room temperature?

 

saturated

Which statement accurately describes a feature of essential fatty acids?

 

Aspirin works to reduce the symptoms of infection or pain by retarding the synthesis of certain eicosanoids.

Cholesterol that is made in the body is referred to as ______________.

 

endogenous

Which of these protein foods is the leanest?

 

flounder

 

Which term refers to water-soluble substances?

 

hydrophilic

A person who regularly consumes fish such as shark, king mackerel, and swordfish is at risk for ingesting potentially toxic amounts of ____.

 

mercury

Which of the following is NOT a sterol?

 

bile

Which of the following is a factor that determines the hardness of a fat at a given temperature?

 

degree of saturation

Which of the following is a potentially healthful source of monounsaturated fats?

olives

By definition, lipids that are solid at room temperature (77°F [25°C]) are called ________.

 

fats

Which of the lipoproteins primarily transports triglycerides from the liver to other tissues?

 

VLDL

The DRI suggests a diet that provides what percentage of the daily energy intake from fat?

 

20% to 35%

Which of the following is a source of trans-fats, a potentially harmful lipid?

 

refrigerated biscuits

Bile is a fat-digesting enzyme secreted from the stomach.

 

False

How many kcalories are contributed by 1 gram of dietary fat?

 

9

Which fish is commonly low in the environmental contaminant mercury?

 

haddock

When the body is deprived of food, which enzyme hydrolyzes triglycerides so that their parts enter general circulation and are available to other cells?

 

hormone-sensitive lipase

The term that refers to a chemical configuration in which the hydrogen atoms are located on the same side of a double bond is _____.

cis

Jamila eats a meal containing some fats. Her body has removed the chylomicrons from her blood within how many hours after absorption?

 

14

Which of these foods has the highest amount of omega-3 fatty acids per 3.5-oz serving?

 

Chilean sea bass