Science 8th Grade - Scientific Thinking and Processes

Hypothesis

A proposed answer for a scientific question.

Observation

The use of our senses to study the word, but it may also involve other tools.

Data

Things that can be analyzed.

Experiment

A procedure performed in which scientists study factors called independent variables and dependent variables to find cause-and-effect relationships.

Control

Keeping other variables, the same for all experimental units.

Conclusion

The outcome of a process.

Independent Variable

A condition in the experiment that is manipulated or changed by the scientist. It is sometimes called the manipulated variable.

Dependent Variable

The variables that are observed and measured during an experiment. This variable changes the response to the independent variable. It's sometimes called the measured or responding variable.

What is the difference between a hypothesis and theory?

A hypothesis answers a very specific question, and you typically get really quick answers. A theory answers a much broader question, and it takes a long time to develop.

What do both hypotheses and theories have in common?

They both are proposed explanations for scientific questions.

Why is it better to view the scientific method as a cycle or process, rather than steps?

It is better to view the scientific method as a cycle or process rather than steps because it is an ongoing process. It's also because you could start anywhere are it wouldn't necessarily be wrong.

Qualitative

Data that describes the quality of the observation.

Quantitive

Data that is observed that can be measured and recorded as a number.