chapter 6 cog

what is working memory?

memory system for storing and manipulating small amounts of information for a brief period of time

understanding speech

requires storing and manipulating small amounts of information for a brief period of time

Calculations

require storing and manipulating small amounts of information for a brief period of time ( so like adding and multiplying as an example)

Manipulations

require storing and manipulating small amounts of information for a brief period of time (ex: like spelling a word backwards)

Following direction's

requires storing and manipulating small amounts of information for a brief period of time (ex: following directions for a recipe )

Solving problem's

requires storing and manipulating small amounts of information for a brief period of time (ex: like solving sudoku, scramble, word)

Digit span forward task

repeat a string of digits; the number of digits increases on each trial

Digit span backward task

repeat a string of digits backward ; the number of digits increases on each trial

What are four components of Baddeley's working memory model?

the phonological loop, the visuospatial sketchpad, the central executive, and the episodic buffer

Phonological loop

holds verbal and auditory information (ex: following a phone conversation)

Phonological store:

holds a limited amount of verbal and auditory information for a few seconds

Phonological similarity effect:

letters or words that sound similar are confused

Word length effect

memory is better for shorter than for longer words

Articulatory suppression:

memory is worse when speaking interferes with rehearsal

Visuospatial sketch pad

holds visual and spatial information (ex: tracking cars, people, and roads; navigating the route )

Visual imagery

creating visual images in the mind in the absence of visual input

Mental rotation

rotating visual images in the mind

Central executive

coordinates the information in the phonological loop and visuospatial sketch pad to direct attention (ex: directing attention between the tasks)

Perseveration

repeatedly perform the same action or thought

Episodic buffer

integrates information across modalities (visual, verbal) to form units

- Not meaningful: explain not but successful a difficult the was to concept students to professor the tried

- Meaningful: the professor tried to explain a difficult concept to the students, but was not successful