Unit 1.1 - Interaction of Heredity and Environment

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AP Psychology vocabulary from collegeboard.

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18 Terms

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Nature (Heredity)

Refers to our genetic makeup — the DNA passed down from our parents

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Evolutionary Perspective

The idea that behaviors have evolved over time because they helped our ancestors survive and reproduce

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Natural Selection

Traits that enhance survival get passed on

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Behavior Genetics

The study of how much our genes and environment affect our behavior

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Mutations

Random changes to DNA that can lead to new traits

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Genes

The basic unit of heredity

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Genome

The complete set of genetic instructions for an organism

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Nurture (Environment)

Everything from our family and friends to our culture and experiences

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Twin Studies

Comparing identical (Monozygotic) twins with fraternal (Dizygotic) twins to see how much behavior is genetic vs environmental

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Adoption Studies

Examining if adopted children are more like their biological or adoptive parents

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Family Studies

Analyzing shared traits among relatives

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Identical twins (Monozygotic)

Share 100% of their genes

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Fraternal Twins (Dizygotic)

Share about 50% of their genes, just like other siblings

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Epigenetics

How our environment can influence gene expression without changing the DNA itself

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Eugenics

The controversial idea of improving human populations by selective breeding and controlling reproduction

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Problem with Eugenics: Racial and Class Bias

The movement targeted marginalized groups, including immigrants, minorities, people with disabilities, and the poor. It falsely labeled these groups as “genetically inferior”

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Problem with Eugenics: Forced Sterilizations

Over 60,000 people in the US were forcibly sterilized under eugenics laws. Many were sterilized without consent, often in institutions like prisons or mental hospitals

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Problem with Eugenics: Violation of Human Rights

The movement ignored individual rights, treating people as tools for “breeding better humans” instead of as individuals with autonomy