Criminal Justice - Module 10 Study Guide

Before the 1600s, institutional confinement usually served functions other than punishment for criminal behavior. Six examples are listed in your textbook, and three of these are listed
below. Which of the following is NOT one of these examples?
A)Hold and punish slaves
B)Rehabilitate criminals
C)Coerce payment of debts and fines
D)Quarantine disease

B)Rehabilitate criminals

The closest European forerunner of the modern U.S. prison was known as:
A)banishment
B)the workhouse
C)transportation
D)the gaol

B)the workhouse

Which of the following was designed for younger, less hardened offenders, between 16 and 30 years of age?
A)The penitentiary
B)Transportation
C)The reformatory
D)Banishment

C)The reformatory

Most early women's prison employed ____, as distinguished from the ____ of men's prisons.
A)a family-style living plan; cell-block plan
B)solitary confinement; cottages
C)life sentences; early-release programs
D)a family-style living plan; solitary confinement

A)a family-style living plan; cell-block plan

Originally, big-house prisons:
A)became warehouses oriented toward custody and repression of inmates
B)fell into demise during the 1920s and 1930s
C)exploited inmate labor through various links to the free market
D)relied exclusively upon industrial labor throughout the United States

C)exploited inmate labor through various links to the free market

One confinement alternative to traditional incarceration is ____, which is the placement of offenders in facilities patterned after ____.
A)transportation; deserted islands
B)shock incarceration; military boot camps
C)privatization; factories
D)workhouse confinement; campuses

B)shock incarceration; military boot camps

Which of the following states is the first state to allow female prisoners to work on chain gangs?
A)Alabama
B)Georgia
C)Florida
D)Arizona

D)Arizona

At the beginning of 2011, the states and the federal government combined operated about_________ adult prisons
A) 500
B) 750
C) 880
D) 1100

D) 1100

Over the last 200 years, Americans have developed a tradition of strong reliance on the prison to control crime. The result is that it:
A)has never done very well
B)has generally met people's expectations
C)has generally exceeded people's expectations
D)makes the public less concerned about crime

A)has never done very well

When offenders are sentenced to the custody of the department of corrections in most states, they are transported initially to a:
A)medium-security prison
B)jail
C)classification facility
D)minimum-security prison

C)classification facility

Men's prisons are often distinguished from one another by:
A)size
B)security level
C)the era in which they were built
D)custody level

B)security level

In recent years, incarceration rates for females in the United States have ____ incarceration rates for males.
A)grown as fast as
B)grown slower than
C)grown faster than
D)not grown in comparison to

C)grown faster than

Co-correctional prisons are usually____, and security is typically ____.
A)small; minimum
B)small; medium
C)large; medium
D)large; "high/close"

A)small; minimum

A(n) ____ is a very short-term (for instance, 24-to 48-hour) holding facility.
A)minimum-security prison
B)lockup
C)jail
D)furlough

B)lockup

A ____ is a facility that holds convicted offenders and unconvicted persons for relatively short periods of up to one year.
A)lockup
B)jail
C)furlough
D)minimum-security prison

B)jail

Inmates who are vulnerable to assault by other inmates may be designated for:
A)administrative segregation
B)new-generation jails
C)congregate living areas
D)protective custody

D)protective custody

Most institutions have elaborate____, in which staff learn from inmate informants about the presence of contraband, the potential for disruptions, and other threats to security.
A)snitch systems
B)staff procedures
C)conjugal visits
D)security procedures

A)snitch systems

Your textbook describes four types of rehabilitation programs that are commonly offered within institutions. Three are listed below. Which of the following is NOT one of the types listed in your text?
A)Self-improvement programs offered by religious and civic groups
B)Work programs
C)Book clubs
D)Education and vocational training

C)Book clubs

Group counseling is more popular than individual counseling in institutional settings, primarily because:
A)inmates frequently prefer talking about their problems and fears in front of groups of their peers
B)it is more economical and there are large numbers of inmates who share similar backgrounds and problems
C)although it is less economical, the prison system wants to do what is best for the inmates.
D)inmates demand it

B)it is more economical and there are large numbers of inmates who share similar backgrounds and problems

Rather than having inmates attend periodic group sessions (one or two hourly sessions per week), ____encompasses the total living environment of inmates so that the environment continually encourages positive behavioral change.
A)individual therapy
B)crisis intervention
C)milieu therapy
D)religious counseling

C)milieu therapy

We usually think of rehabilitation programs as serving one main objective. Which of the following is that main objective?
A)To help inmates better themselves
B)To help the institution achieve control over inmates
C)To help inmates manage time
D)To give inmates a way to occupy themselves

A)To help inmates better themselves

Which of the following states that prisoners should receive no service or program superior to the services and programs available to free citizens without charge?
A)Most therapeutic communities
B)Milieu therapy
C)The less-eligibility principle
D)Vocational programs

C)The less-eligibility principle

Research has determined that although no single type of treatment can be identified as the most effective, one feature that seems to characterize programs that consistently reduce offender
recidivism is:
A)the number of staff assigned to the program
B)the program's popularity among inmates
C)the rate at which the program is used in federal prisons
D)the quality of the program's implementation

D)the quality of the program's implementatio

Which of the following has NOT been found about private correctional facilities?
A)they can be constructed and opened more quickly than public correctional facilities
B)the quality of services and programs is frequently superior to those in public correctional facilities
C)privatization can substantially increase legal liability costs of operating prisons and jails
D)prisoners in private facilities have a broader array of legal remedies when challenging conditions of confinement than prisoners in public facilities

C)privatization can substantially increase legal liability costs of operating prisons and jails

Which of the following countries consistently has one of the highest incarceration rates in the
world?
A)United States
B)Mexico
C)Canada
D)Japan

A)United States

Which of the following is the special super maximum-security prison built for the war on terrorism?
A)Camp Granada
B)Camp Omega
C)Camp Delta
D)Camp Al-Qaeda

C)Camp Delta

For which of the following purposes is most of jail funding used?
A)accommodations
B)services
C)programs
D)custody and security

D)custody and security

Which of the following is NOT a function of jails?
A)holding inmates sentenced to long terms
B)temporarily detaining juveniles pending transfer to juvenile authorities
C)holding individuals for protective custody
D)all of the above

A)holding inmates sentenced to long terms

Which of the following is a reason for the problems that plague jails?
A)the limited and unstable nature of local taxes to fund and staff jails
B)a general lack of public support for jail reform
C)rapid rates of inmate turnover, which makes it difficult to coordinate programs
D)all of the above

D)all of the above

Which of the following types of jails is built in a linear design, in which inmates live together in cells, dormitories, or "tanks," and guards at regular intervals walk up and down the corridors or "catwalks" and observe inmates.
A)first-generation jails
B)second-generation jails
C)third-generation jails
D)fourth-generation jails

A)first-generation jails

In which of the following types of jails do correctional officers constantly supervise inmates from secure control booths that overlook inmate living areas?
A)first-generation jails
B)second-generation jails
C)third-generation jails
D)fourth-generation jails

B)second-generation jails

In which of the following types of jails are there no physical barriers between correctional officers
and inmates?
A)first-generation jails
B)second-generation jails
C)third-generation jails
D)fourth-generation jails

C)third-generation jails

Which of the following has research shown to be an advantage of direct-supervision jails?
A)they provide a less stressful, more positive, and safer environment for inmates and staff
B)they enhance supervision by reducing the number of unsupervised areas
C)they reduce inmate violations for contraband possession, destruction of property, escapes, disrespecting officers and staff, suicides, and violence
D)all of the above

D)all of the above

True/False
The reformatory was a walled prison with large cell blocks that contained stacks of three or more tiers of one-or two-man cells.

False

True/False
The recent increase in prison construction across the nation of late has managed to keep pace with the increase in prison populations.

False

True/False
As of the end of 2005, there were 1.5 million prisoners in state and federal prisons, including local and military housed prisoners.

True

True/False
The majority of federal inmates are serving time for drug offenses.

True

True/False
Classification is a one-time process that occurs at the beginning of an inmate's sentence.

False

True/False
An inmate's custody level indicates the degree of precaution that needs to be taken when working with that inmate.

True

True/False
A strategy pursued in a few jurisdictions has been to replace the traditional jail with a new-generation jail.

True

True/False
Most prisons permit conjugal visits.

False

True/False
A large portion of the maintenance and repair work in institutions is performed by inmates as part of their job assignments.

True

True/False
Some states do not pay inmates for
their work.

True