Osteology of the Upper Limb

Clavicle

Collarbone connecting sternum to scapula.

Acromial end

Lateral end of the clavicle, articulates with scapula.

Sternal end

Medial end of the clavicle, articulates with sternum.

Subclavian groove

Groove for subclavian artery on clavicle.

Conoid tubercle

Bump on clavicle for ligament attachment.

Trapezoid line

Ridge on clavicle for trapezoid ligament attachment.

Impression for costoclavicular ligament

Area on clavicle for ligament attachment.

Scapula

Shoulder blade, supports upper limb.

Spine of scapula

Prominent ridge on posterior scapula surface.

Acromion

Projection of scapula, articulates with clavicle.

Medial border

Edge of scapula closest to the spine.

Lateral border

Edge of scapula facing the arm.

Superior angle

Top corner of the scapula.

Inferior angle

Bottom corner of the scapula.

Supraspinous fossa

Depression above the spine of scapula.

Infraspinous fossa

Depression below the spine of scapula.

Glenoid cavity

Socket for humeral head on scapula.

Humerus

Upper arm bone connecting shoulder to elbow.

Head of humerus

Rounded proximal end articulating with scapula.

Anatomical neck

Narrow area below the head of humerus.

Surgical neck

Common fracture site of the humerus.

Greater tubercle

Lateral projection for muscle attachment on humerus.

Lesser tubercle

Medial projection for muscle attachment on humerus.

Intertubercular sulcus

Groove between greater and lesser tubercles.

Deltoid tuberosity

Rough area for deltoid muscle attachment.

Radial groove

groove for radial nerve of humerus

Medial epicondyle

Bump on humerus for forearm muscle attachment.

Lateral epicondyle

Bump on humerus for forearm muscle attachment.

Capitulum

Rounded distal end of humerus for radius.

Trochlea

Pulley-shaped structure for ulna on humerus.

Coronoid fossa

Depression for coronoid process of ulna.

Olecranon fossa

Depression for olecranon of ulna.

Radius

lateral bone of the forearm (thumb side)

Radial head

Proximal end of the radius, articulates with humerus.

Radial tuberosity

Bump on radius for biceps tendon attachment.

Ulnar notch

Depression on radius for ulna articulation.

Radial styloid process

Prominent projection at distal radius.

Olecranon process

Projection of ulna forming elbow.

Coronoid process

Projection of ulna for elbow joint.

Ulnar tuberosity

Bump on ulna for muscle attachment.

Trochlear notch

Cavity on ulna for humerus articulation.

Head of ulna

Distal end of ulna, articulates with wrist.

Ulnar styloid process

Projection at distal ulna for wrist.

Hand

Distal part of upper limb with bones.

Scaphoid

Carpal bone in wrist, near thumb.

Lunate

Carpal bone between scaphoid and triquetrium.

Triquetrium

Pyramid-shaped carpal bone.

Pisiform

Small carpal bone, sits on triquetrium.

Trapezium

Carpal bone articulating with the thumb.

Trapezoid

Carpal bone next to trapezium.

Capitate

Largest carpal bone in wrist.

Hamate

Carpal bone with hook-like projection.

Hook of Hamate

Projection on hamate bone.

Metacarpals

Five bones forming the hand's framework.

Phalanges

Fingers' bones, three per finger, two per thumb.