Chapters 24-32: Test Question Guide

**What is the difference between the pediatric and adult rule of nines?**

The head is proportionally bigger in children → take away from legs

**You need to bandage an eye. How do you bandage it?**

1. Bandage both eyes → prevent sympathetic eye movement

2. Use a moist bandage on the wounded eye

**Where should I take a serious, possibly in-shock patient?**

Level 1 or 2 Trauma Center

**Where do I put a tourniquet?**

1. High and tight

2. Near the point of attachment of the appendage

**How can you tell a burn is a full thickness?**

1. Thick skin, charred, hard → leather

2. No pain since the nerve endings are destroyed

**Palpating a person who is bleeding in the abdomen. Findings?**

Expect to find guarding, distention, pain, tenderness

**What position should you splint a limb in?**

Splint the bones in the position they are found in

**If my knee is bent, how will I stabilize it?**

Cushion the knee and use an A-frame splint

**What is the most reliable sign that a person has suffered a head injury?**

Change in the level of consciousness

**What are the three collisions of a motor vehicle accident?**

1. Car vs object

2. Person vs their car

3. Internal organs inside organs

**You put on a cervical collar. Once you put it on, do you remove it?**

Only if there is an issue with the airway or breathing

**You have guts hanging out. What do you do with them?**

Keep them moist and warm

**How do you control any bleeding?**

1. Apply direct pressure

2. After it is controlled, dress and bandage it

**Why do you not want to swallow blood?**

1. Sucking on a cut finger will remove any foreign matter, too, taking it right down to your stomach where its acid destroys it (although a better method might include a good wash with soap and water, and applying an antiseptic). Swallowing a little bit of pathogen-free blood shouldn't harm you — say, a teaspoon or so. So don't worry about the odd nosebleed or tooth extraction that leeches blood into your digestive system.

2. Be careful, though, if the bleeding becomes severe and you keep ingesting it. Swallowing too much of your own blood can bother the stomach — so much so it might induce vomiting. Instead of making the situation better, this can also worsen the bleeding, according to the University of Michigan Health website. Rather than swallowing the blood, it is better to spit it out in a sink or receptacle.

3. When you drink blood it goes directly into the stomach, then moves to the small intestine before hitting your bloodstream. Your body can't digest blood like it does food, according to Healthline, which is why it can irritate the stomach so badly.

4. Drinking blood can also risk a condition known as hemochromatosis, where the body has too much iron in it. While this is mostly caused by genetics or other underlying conditions, human blood does have copious amounts of iron, and someone who consumes too much of it could reach toxic levels in their body. This could lead to all kinds of problems, from kidney disease to blood problems to nervous disorders, according to Live Science.

**How do you check pupils?**

1. PEARRL

2. With a penlight/flashlight

**Find a patient who is blue that is not a Smurf. What should you do?**

1. Treat them for shock

2. Oxygen from an NRB at 15 L/Min

3. Check for a pulse and circulation

4. Check for breathing and ventilate if needed

**Why are facial injuries so significant?**

They may obstruct the airway

**What is the difference between an open/closed fracture?**

1. Open: has broken the skin

2. Closed: has not broken the skin

**3 types of heat emergencies:**

1. Heat stroke: body temperature too high, affects brain function

2. Heat cramps: muscles tense up due to electrolyte imbalance

3. Heat exhaustion: hypovolemic shock due to a loss of salts and fluid

**What is the best way to put somebody in a log roll?**

With three people

**What type of vital signs will a brain injury cause?**

1. Pulse: rapidly decrease

2. Blood pressure: increases

3. Respirations: irregular

4. Vitals respond opposite to when in shock

**Patient with decreased LOC, what is a primary step of action?**

1. Ensure that they have a patent airway

2. Insert an OPA or NPA depending on LOC

**If the patient has shallow breathing, what do you do?**

Always ventilate in the JBLearning world

**A car accident occurs when the car hits something very hard from the front. The airbags have not been deployed. What is the concern?**

That they will deploy or explode when you are in the car

**What is the worst thing you can do when splinting?**

1. Splinting when you should have been transporting

2. Wasting time when you should have been addressing life treats

**What is a flail chest?**

1. A flail chest is a chest in which sections of broken ribs are isolated and interfere with normal chest movements. That means the chest cannot expand properly or draw air into the lungs. This is why stabilization after blunt trauma is important.

2. This causes the chest to cave in → broken ribs will move with every breath

3. Ribs that are broken in multiple places that cave in during inhalation, and do not open with the rest of the chest wall → paradoxical breathing

**How do you treat epistaxis (nosebleed)?**

1. Step 1: Position the patient sitting, leaning forward. Apply direct pressure, pinching the fleshy part of the nostrils together

2. Step 2: Alternative method: Apply pressure with a rolled gauze bandage between the upper lip and gum. Calm the patient

3. Step 3: Apply ice over the nose. Maintain pressure until bleeding is controlled. Initiate prompt transport while you or the patient apply pressure. Assess and treat for shock, including oxygen as needed

**How do you treat an open neck wound?**

1. With an occlusive dressing (includes hemostatic agent)

2. All four sides must be taped to prevent air transfer

**How do you treat an open chest wound?**

1. Use an airtight occlusive dressing

2. Different than a neck wound

3. Requires three dressings

**What position should a woman be transported in when in late pregnancy:**

1. On their left side

2. Prevents suppression of inferior vena cava

**When do you use a Hare traction splint?**

On a mid-shaft closed femur fracture

**What is the position of function? What does it look like?**

1. The position of function is the position the injured limb is splinted in to preserve the function and circulation of the uninjured parts of the limb. Ex: when splinting the elbow, maintain circulation for the fingers.

2. When splinting, it's important to be gentle and avoid causing additional pain to the patient. Always check for proper circulation and sensation before and after applying the splint to ensure it is not too tight and that it does not impede blood flow.

**What is a superficial burn? What would it look like?**

A sunburn

**How do you discern a partial thickness burn?**

Painful blisters and leakage of fluid

**When do you take a helmet off an injured person?**

1. If it interferes with the airway or breathing

2. If it is loose when trying to put a cervical spine collar on

3. If there is any facial bleeding under the helmet

4. If the helmet is severely damaged or cracked

**What sort of things can cause pulse oximetry errors?**

1. Carbon monoxide or cyanide poisoning

2. Cold (lack of blood circulation) or dirty fingers

3. Nail polish

**What is a hip fracture?**

1. Dislocation or breakage of the femoral head

2. Cannot apply a Hare traction splint

3. On the proximal end of the femur