Chapters 24-32: Test Question Guide

Test Question Guide

1. What is the difference between the pediatric and adult rule of nines?

   1. The head is proportionally bigger in children → take away from legs

2. You need to bandage an eye. How do you bandage it?

   1. Bandage both eyes → prevent sympathetic eye movement
   2. Use a moist bandage on the wounded eye

3. Where should I take a serious, possibly in-shock patient?

   1. Level 1 or 2 Trauma Center

4. Where do I put a tourniquet?

   1. High and tight
   2. Near the point of attachment of the appendage

5. How can you tell a burn is a full thickness?

   1. Thick skin, charred, hard → leather
   2. No pain since the nerve endings are destroyed

6. Palpating a person who is bleeding in the abdomen. Findings?

   1. Expect to find guarding, distention, pain, tenderness

7. What position should you splint a limb in?

   1. Splint the bones in the position they are found in

8. If my knee is bent, how will I stabilize it?

   1. Cushion the knee and use an A-frame splint

9. What is the most reliable sign that a person has suffered a head injury?

   1. Change in the level of consciousness

   2. What are the three collisions of a motor vehicle accident?

   3. Car vs object

   4. Person vs their car

   5. Internal organs inside organs

   6. You put on a cervical collar. Once you put it on, do you remove it?

   7. Only if there is an issue with the airway or breathing

   8. You have guts hanging out. What do you do with them?

   9. Keep them moist and warm

   10. How do you control any bleeding?

   11. Apply direct pressure

   12. After it is controlled, dress and bandage it

   13. Why do you not want to swallow blood?

   14. Sucking on a cut finger will remove any foreign matter, too, taking it right down to your stomach where its acid destroys it (although a better method might include a good wash with soap and water, and applying an antiseptic). Swallowing a little bit of pathogen-free blood shouldn't harm you — say, a teaspoon or so. So don't worry about the odd nosebleed or tooth extraction that leeches blood into your digestive system.

   15. Be careful, though, if the bleeding becomes severe and you keep ingesting it. Swallowing too much of your own blood can bother the stomach — so much so it might induce vomiting. Instead of making the situation better, this can also worsen the bleeding, according to the University of Michigan Health website. Rather than swallowing the blood, it is better to spit it out in a sink or receptacle.

   16. When you drink blood it goes directly into the stomach, then moves to the small intestine before hitting your bloodstream. Your body can't digest blood like it does food, according to Healthline, which is why it can irritate the stomach so badly.

   17. Drinking blood can also risk a condition known as hemochromatosis, where the body has too much iron in it. While this is mostly caused by genetics or other underlying conditions, human blood does have copious amounts of iron, and someone who consumes too much of it could reach toxic levels in their body. This could lead to all kinds of problems, from kidney disease to blood problems to nervous disorders, according to Live Science.

   18. How do you check pupils?

   19. PEARRL

   20. With a penlight/flashlight

   21. Find a patient who is blue that is not a Smurf. What should you do?

   22. Treat them for shock

   23. Oxygen from an NRB at 15 L/Min

   24. Check for a pulse and circulation

   25. Check for breathing and ventilate if needed

   26. Why are facial injuries so significant?

   27. They may obstruct the airway

   28. What is the difference between an open/closed fracture?

   29. Open: has broken the skin

   30. Closed: has not broken the skin

   31. 3 types of heat emergencies:

   32. Heat stroke: body temperature too high, affects brain function

   33. Heat cramps: muscles tense up due to electrolyte imbalance

   34. Heat exhaustion: hypovolemic shock due to a loss of salts and fluid

   35. What is the best way to put somebody in a log roll?

   36. With three people

   37. What type of vital signs will a brain injury cause?

   38. Pulse: rapidly decrease

   39. Blood pressure: increases

   40. Respirations: irregular

   41. Vitals respond opposite to when in shock

   42. Patient with decreased LOC, what is a primary step of action?

   43. Ensure that they have a patent airway

   44. Insert an OPA or NPA depending on LOC

   45. If the patient has shallow breathing, what do you do?

   46. Always ventilate in the JBLearning world

   47. A car accident occurs when the car hits something very hard from the front. The airbags have not been deployed. What is the concern?

   48. That they will deploy or explode when you are in the car

   49. What is the worst thing you can do when splinting?

   50. Splinting when you should have been transporting

   51. Wasting time when you should have been addressing life treats

   52. What is a flail chest?

   53. A flail chest is a chest in which sections of broken ribs are isolated and interfere with normal chest movements. That means the chest cannot expand properly or draw air into the lungs. This is why stabilization after blunt trauma is important.

   54. This causes the chest to cave in → broken ribs will move with every breath

   55. Ribs that are broken in multiple places that cave in during inhalation, and do not open with the rest of the chest wall → paradoxical breathing

   56. How do you treat epistaxis (nosebleed)?

   57. Step 1: Position the patient sitting, leaning forward. Apply direct pressure, pinching the fleshy part of the nostrils together

   58. Step 2: Alternative method: Apply pressure with a rolled gauze bandage between the upper lip and gum. Calm the patient

   59. Step 3: Apply ice over the nose. Maintain pressure until bleeding is controlled. Initiate prompt transport while you or the patient apply pressure. Assess and treat for shock, including oxygen as needed

   60. How do you treat an open neck wound?

   61. With an occlusive dressing (includes hemostatic agent)

   62. All four sides must be taped to prevent air transfer

   63. How do you treat an open chest wound?

   64. Use an airtight occlusive dressing

   65. Different than a neck wound

   66. Requires three dressings

   67. What position should a woman be transported in when in late pregnancy:

   68. On their left side

   69. Prevents suppression of inferior vena cava

   70. When do you use a Hare traction splint?

   71. On a mid-shaft closed femur fracture

   72. What is the position of function? What does it look like?

   73. The position of function is the position the injured limb is splinted in to preserve the function and circulation of the uninjured parts of the limb. Ex: when splinting the elbow, maintain circulation for the fingers.

   74. When splinting, it's important to be gentle and avoid causing additional pain to the patient. Always check for proper circulation and sensation before and after applying the splint to ensure it is not too tight and that it does not impede blood flow.

   75. What is a superficial burn? What would it look like?

   76. A sunburn

   77. How do you discern a partial thickness burn?

   78. Painful blisters and leakage of fluid

   79. When do you take a helmet off an injured person?

   80. If it interferes with the airway or breathing

   81. If it is loose when trying to put a cervical spine collar on

   82. If there is any facial bleeding under the helmet

   83. If the helmet is severely damaged or cracked

   84. What sort of things can cause pulse oximetry errors?

   85. Carbon monoxide or cyanide poisoning

   86. Cold (lack of blood circulation) or dirty fingers

   87. Nail polish

   88. What is a hip fracture?

   89. Dislocation or breakage of the femoral head

   90. Cannot apply a Hare traction splint

   91. On the proximal end of the femur