Hormones and Sex (Chapter 8)

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hormones

chemicals secreted by an endocrine gland that are conveyed by the bloodstream and regulate target organs or tissues (act somewhat like NTs)

endocrine glands

secrete products to act on distant targets

endocrine communication

via bloodstream (hormones can travel long distances)

synaptic communication

diffusion across synapse

pheromone communication

outside the body, same species

neuroendocrine cells

neuron releases hormones into local or systemic circulation

protein hormones

peptide hormones; string of amino acids; large molecule, largest of the hormones

amine hormones

composed of a single amino acid that has been modified into a related molecule

steroid hormones

come from cholesterol, all have the same chem backbone, all highly fat soluble and travel across tissue easily; androgens cluster - male, estrogens cluster - female

posterior pituitary gland

rear of the gland, sits outside the BBB

supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus

densely packed with neuroendocrine cells, exit through the pituitary stalk and release hormone directly into gland

oxytocin

uterus contractions during childbirth, milk letdown reflex, orgasm, female pair-bonding, social affiliation

vasopressin

thirst/water regulation, male pair-bonding, social monogamy

anterior pituitary gland

releasing hormones produced by hypothalamus to control tropic hormone production

tropic hormones

anterior pituitary hormones that affect the secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands