World History Final Cp

characteristics of agriculture and art

Revival of classic form of Greek and Roman architecture

Realism

An emphasis on the human body and anatomy. Best EX Statue of David

De Medici family's role in Renaissance

Patrons of Florence

Humanism

Emphasis on human achievements

Effect on education

Crested new attitude toward culture and learning

Effects of printing press on Renaissance

Increased number of books produced

Michelangelo's sculpture

Pieta is Mary holding dead Jesus

Baldassare Castiglione

Wrote a guide on court behavior in the Renaissance

Patron

Financial backer of the arts

Perspective

Painting technique that makes distant objects appear closer

Leonardo da Vinci

Renaissance painter created the Last Supper

How did Luther start it?

Nailed 95 Theses to the Church door in Wittenberg

John Calvin's ideas in Protestant Reformation

Introduced the idea of predestination some are born saved and some are not. New ideas on baptism- Protestants only believed that Adults should be baptized.

Creation of the Church of England

Henry VIII made the church so that way he could divorce his wife.

Effects of printing press on Reformation

Helped spread Luther's ideas and the Reformation

Who discovered heliocentrism

Nicolaus Copernicus

Mercantilism

Export more than you import

Two sides in the English Civil War

Roundheads w/ Parliament and the King w/ Cavaliers

Philosophes

Believed in human capability and the achievements of the human mind.

John Locke

People are naturally good and natural rights were life, liberty, and social contract

Rousseau

Social contract and general will

Wollstonecraft

Equal treatment of women or women’s rights

Montesquieu

Separation of powers and checks and balances

Adam Smith

Capitalism and Laissez-faire

General Will

People vote, majority rules

Natural Rights

Life, Liberty and Property stated in the Declaration

Separation of Powers

Was intended to protect the freedom of the people from a government with too much power

Members of 1st, 2nd, 3rd Estate

1st- Clergy, 2nd-Nobles, 3rd- Bourgeoisie, Urban Workers, and Peasants

Causes of France's financial crisis

Deficit spending and bad harvest

Robespierre's political party and role in stage 2 of revolution

Jacobin and he was on the Committee of Public Safety and ran the reign of terror.

Reign of Terror

Killed enemies of the revolution by guillotine

Divine Right

Louis XVI believed he was chosen by God to rule.

Great Britain's government v. France's government

Great Britain had a Prime minister and cabinet all within Parliament. France had Divine Right and Absolute monarchy.

The nations Napoleon was unable to conquer

Britain and Russia

Result of his invasion of Russia

Biggest mistake he lost most of his army ended in a French debt.

Continental system

Economically boycott Britain to defeat, it failed.

Napoleonic Code

All people under the law/allowed religious toleration.

Napoleon's reforms

Bank of France, Napoleonic Code, Free Public Education for all

Napoleon's treatment of the church

Peace with the church/ allowed for other religions

Concordat of 1801

Peace Treaty with the church.

Napoleon's first exile and return for how long?

To Elba for 100 days

Why was he defeated in Russia?

General winter proved to be difficult for the enemy to win.

Define the IR

A shift from hand tools to machines

What happened to the cottage industry after the IR?

People left for the city jobs and it disappeared.

Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution

Great Britain because of natural resources, transportation system, capital or money to invest.

Impact of agricultural revolution on Industrial Revolution

Led to a population explosion which created the workforce.

Conditions in the factories

Long hours, poor conditions, and harsh treatment.

Growth of the working class

Fastest growing class in the Industrial Revolution.

Middle class

Made up of factory owners and factory managers.

Working class

Factory workers made up 75% of the population.

Invention of the steam engine

James Watt, new source of energy.

Laissez faire

No government control over businesses by Adam Smith which led to capitalism and free markets.

Positive effects of Industrial Revolution

Working conditions eventually got better, capitalism thrived, and medical technology greatly improved.

Germany's industrialization

They took Great Britain's ideas.

Imperialism

One country who imposes its will by force on another country.

Two nations competing in India

France and Great Britain.

Opium in China

A drug that Great Britain got China addicted to in order to force them to trade.

China's #1 product to trade

Silk.

Sepoy rebellion

Indian soldiers rebelled because of animal fat on gun cartilages but was later crushed by Great Britain.

Similarities of Muslim League and Indian National Congress

Both nationalist movements for India's independence.

Meiji Restoration

Period in Japan where they became modern and powerful.

The Asian nation that benefitted the most from Imperialism

Japan.

Mughal Empire

Empire in India that Great Britain defeated.

US role in Japan during Imperialism

Sent Matthew Perry to open Japan to trade.

Extraterritoriality

Foreigners have the right to be sent home when on trial.

Opium wars

China was addicted to opium and tried to stop opium trade from inside the country; Great Britain declared war on China. Treaty Nanking ended the war.

Official name of the Boxers

Fist of Righteous Harmony.

Protectorate

Superior nation controls economic and cultural aspects.

Sphere of Influence

Superior nation controls ONLY the economy.

Indirect Rule

Superior nation leaves local leadership in place for political purposes and controls economy, culture, and social aspects.

Independent African countries during imperialism

Liberia and Ethiopia.

Crops in India that Britain wanted

Indigo, tea, and poppies.

Suez Canal

Located in Egypt; connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean.

Congress of Berlin

Europeans only invented it (no Africans) and they divided Africa.

European country with the most land in Africa

France.

Where is Islam most prevalent in Africa?

North.

Queue

A hairstyle worn by Chinese.

Japan's approach to imperialism vs. China's

Japan embraced imperialism but China fought it.

Heir to the Austrian Hungarian throne

Franz Ferdinand.

Habsburg heir

Archduke.

Assassination of Franz Ferdinand

He was shot.

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.

Triple Entente

Great Britain, France, and Russia.

Reasons for US entering WWI

Zimmerman telegram and sinking of the Lusitania.

Why Britain entered WWI

To protect Belgium.

Treaty of Brest Litovsk

War with Russia vs Germany ends and Germany wins.

Advantages of Central Powers and Allies

Allies: Germany is fighting on 2 fronts. Central: Germany has the best army.

The "spark" of WWI

Archduke is assassinated.

14 points

Wilson's plan for peace and Germany hopes that the treaty would be based on it.

Treaty of Versailles

Ends the war and blames ONLY Germany.

Gavrilo Princip

Black Hand assassin.

Eastern Front

Russia vs Germany.

Western Front

Germany vs France and Great Britain.

No Man's Land

Land in between the trenches.

New Weapons in WWI

Flamethrowers, machine guns, hand grenades, and tanks.

Life in the trenches

Dirty, wet, rats, overall horrible.

3 estates cartoon

Stone crushed 3 estates with taxes