Studied by 3 people
characteristics of agriculture and art
Revival of classic form of Greek and Roman architecture
Realism
An emphasis on the human body and anatomy. Best EX Statue of David
De Medici family's role in Renaissance
Patrons of Florence
Humanism
Emphasis on human achievements
Effect on education
Crested new attitude toward culture and learning
Effects of printing press on Renaissance
Increased number of books produced
Michelangelo's sculpture
Pieta is Mary holding dead Jesus
Baldassare Castiglione
Wrote a guide on court behavior in the Renaissance
Patron
Financial backer of the arts
Perspective
Painting technique that makes distant objects appear closer
Leonardo da Vinci
Renaissance painter created the Last Supper
How did Luther start it?
Nailed 95 Theses to the Church door in Wittenberg
John Calvin's ideas in Protestant Reformation
Introduced the idea of predestination some are born saved and some are not. New ideas on baptism- Protestants only believed that Adults should be baptized.
Creation of the Church of England
Henry VIII made the church so that way he could divorce his wife.
Effects of printing press on Reformation
Helped spread Luther's ideas and the Reformation
Who discovered heliocentrism
Nicolaus Copernicus
Mercantilism
Export more than you import
Two sides in the English Civil War
Roundheads w/ Parliament and the King w/ Cavaliers
Philosophes
Believed in human capability and the achievements of the human mind.
John Locke
People are naturally good and natural rights were life, liberty, and social contract
Rousseau
Social contract and general will
Wollstonecraft
Equal treatment of women or women’s rights
Montesquieu
Separation of powers and checks and balances
Adam Smith
Capitalism and Laissez-faire
General Will
People vote, majority rules
Natural Rights
Life, Liberty and Property stated in the Declaration
Separation of Powers
Was intended to protect the freedom of the people from a government with too much power
Members of 1st, 2nd, 3rd Estate
1st- Clergy, 2nd-Nobles, 3rd- Bourgeoisie, Urban Workers, and Peasants
Causes of France's financial crisis
Deficit spending and bad harvest
Robespierre's political party and role in stage 2 of revolution
Jacobin and he was on the Committee of Public Safety and ran the reign of terror.
Reign of Terror
Killed enemies of the revolution by guillotine
Divine Right
Louis XVI believed he was chosen by God to rule.
Great Britain's government v. France's government
Great Britain had a Prime minister and cabinet all within Parliament. France had Divine Right and Absolute monarchy.
The nations Napoleon was unable to conquer
Britain and Russia
Result of his invasion of Russia
Biggest mistake he lost most of his army ended in a French debt.
Continental system
Economically boycott Britain to defeat, it failed.
Napoleonic Code
All people under the law/allowed religious toleration.
Napoleon's reforms
Bank of France, Napoleonic Code, Free Public Education for all
Napoleon's treatment of the church
Peace with the church/ allowed for other religions
Concordat of 1801
Peace Treaty with the church.
Napoleon's first exile and return for how long?
To Elba for 100 days
Why was he defeated in Russia?
General winter proved to be difficult for the enemy to win.
Define the IR
A shift from hand tools to machines
What happened to the cottage industry after the IR?
People left for the city jobs and it disappeared.
Birthplace of the Industrial Revolution
Great Britain because of natural resources, transportation system, capital or money to invest.
Impact of agricultural revolution on Industrial Revolution
Led to a population explosion which created the workforce.
Conditions in the factories
Long hours, poor conditions, and harsh treatment.
Growth of the working class
Fastest growing class in the Industrial Revolution.
Middle class
Made up of factory owners and factory managers.
Working class
Factory workers made up 75% of the population.
Invention of the steam engine
James Watt, new source of energy.
Laissez faire
No government control over businesses by Adam Smith which led to capitalism and free markets.
Positive effects of Industrial Revolution
Working conditions eventually got better, capitalism thrived, and medical technology greatly improved.
Germany's industrialization
They took Great Britain's ideas.
Imperialism
One country who imposes its will by force on another country.
Two nations competing in India
France and Great Britain.
Opium in China
A drug that Great Britain got China addicted to in order to force them to trade.
China's #1 product to trade
Silk.
Sepoy rebellion
Indian soldiers rebelled because of animal fat on gun cartilages but was later crushed by Great Britain.
Similarities of Muslim League and Indian National Congress
Both nationalist movements for India's independence.
Meiji Restoration
Period in Japan where they became modern and powerful.
The Asian nation that benefitted the most from Imperialism
Japan.
Mughal Empire
Empire in India that Great Britain defeated.
US role in Japan during Imperialism
Sent Matthew Perry to open Japan to trade.
Extraterritoriality
Foreigners have the right to be sent home when on trial.
Opium wars
China was addicted to opium and tried to stop opium trade from inside the country; Great Britain declared war on China. Treaty Nanking ended the war.
Official name of the Boxers
Fist of Righteous Harmony.
Protectorate
Superior nation controls economic and cultural aspects.
Sphere of Influence
Superior nation controls ONLY the economy.
Indirect Rule
Superior nation leaves local leadership in place for political purposes and controls economy, culture, and social aspects.
Independent African countries during imperialism
Liberia and Ethiopia.
Crops in India that Britain wanted
Indigo, tea, and poppies.
Suez Canal
Located in Egypt; connects the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean.
Congress of Berlin
Europeans only invented it (no Africans) and they divided Africa.
European country with the most land in Africa
France.
Where is Islam most prevalent in Africa?
North.
Queue
A hairstyle worn by Chinese.
Japan's approach to imperialism vs. China's
Japan embraced imperialism but China fought it.
Heir to the Austrian Hungarian throne
Franz Ferdinand.
Habsburg heir
Archduke.
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand
He was shot.
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
Triple Entente
Great Britain, France, and Russia.
Reasons for US entering WWI
Zimmerman telegram and sinking of the Lusitania.
Why Britain entered WWI
To protect Belgium.
Treaty of Brest Litovsk
War with Russia vs Germany ends and Germany wins.
Advantages of Central Powers and Allies
Allies: Germany is fighting on 2 fronts. Central: Germany has the best army.
The "spark" of WWI
Archduke is assassinated.
14 points
Wilson's plan for peace and Germany hopes that the treaty would be based on it.
Treaty of Versailles
Ends the war and blames ONLY Germany.
Gavrilo Princip
Black Hand assassin.
Eastern Front
Russia vs Germany.
Western Front
Germany vs France and Great Britain.
No Man's Land
Land in between the trenches.
New Weapons in WWI
Flamethrowers, machine guns, hand grenades, and tanks.
Life in the trenches
Dirty, wet, rats, overall horrible.
3 estates cartoon
Stone crushed 3 estates with taxes
Note 
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