Physical Therapy for Musculoskeletal Conditions Hosa

Accessory motion

Ability of the joint surfaces to glide, roll, and spend on one another

Active assisted range of motion

Joint movement in which the patient may be assisted either manually or mechanically through an arc of movement

Active free exercises

pendulum exercises in which the patient does not receive any support or resistance

Active range of motion (AROM)

Ability of the patient to voluntarily move LM through an arc of movement

Active resisted exercise

Joint movement in which an external force resists the movement

Aerobic training

Exercise program that uses oxygen as the major energy source

Aquatic physical therapy

Therapeutic use of water for rehabilitation or prevention of injury

Bursitis

Inflammation of bursae, fluid filled sac located throughout the body that decrease the friction between two structures

Closed kinetic chain exercise

Exercise in incorporating several muscle groups through the use of several joints with the end segment fixed

Core strengthening

the strengthening of the deep postural muscles of the lumbar and cervical spine

Cryotherapy

Application of cold agents to cause decreases in blood flow and metabolism, which results in a decrease in swelling and pain

Dysfunction

Any functional disability

Electrical stimulation

Application of electricity at specified locations to stimulate nerves, muscles, and other soft tissues to reduce pain and swelling, to increase strength and range of motion, and to facilitate wound healing

Flexibility

Ability to move a limb segment through a range of motion

Flexibility exercise

Exercise performed over time, using stress, to change the length and elasticity of soft tissue such as muscle; usually performed for postural or ROM enhancement

Fluidotherapy

Use of a self-contained unit filled with sawdust-type particles heated to the desired temperature and circulated by air pressure around the involved body part

Fracture

Break in a bone

Functional exercise

program that incorporates strength, flexibility, balance and coordination

Goniometry

Act of measuring the range of motion at a joint.

Goniometry

Act of measuring the range of motion at a joint.

History

the study of the past

Hot pack

pouch filled with silica gel and soaked in thermostatically controlled water

Hydrotherapy

use of the therapeutic effects of water by immersing body part or entire body into a tank of water

Hypermobile joint

joint with excessive motion

Hypomobile joint

joint has less motion than is considered functional

Joint mobilization

technique used when a patient's dysfunction is the result of joint stiffness or hypomobility (loss of motion); applies to joint-specific passive movements, either oscillatory (rapid repeated movements) or sustained

Manual muscle testing (MMT)

test allowing therapist to assign a specific grade to a muscle based on whether the patient can hold the limb against gravity, how much manual resistance can be tolerated, and whether there is full range of motion at a joint

Massage

systematic use of various manual strokes to produce certain physiological, mechanical and psychological effects

Muscle endurance

Ability to produce and sustain tension over a prolonged period of time

Muscle strength

maximal amount of tension an individual can produce in one reptition

Muscular power

amount of work performed by muscles in a given period of time

Myofascial release

manual stretching of the layers of the body's fascia (connective tissue that surrounds muscle and other soft tissues in the body)

Nerve entrapment

pressure on a nerve

Objective examination

quantitative or qualitative measurements that are taken by the physical therapist or physical therapist assistant or by use of a mechanical device

Open kinetic chain exercise

an exercise where the end limb segment is free (ex. biceps curl)

Outcome measure

standardized instrument used to measure an individual's actual or perceived limitations and participation restrictions, and/or quality of life or health status

Paraffin treatment

Use of mixture of melted paraffin wax and mineral oil at a specific temperature promotes relaxation and pain relief and allow greater comfort during range-of-motion exercises

Passive range of motion (PROM)

amount of movement at a joint obtained by therapist moving the segment without assistance from the patient

Range of motion (ROM)

movement at a joint

Range-of-motion exercise

exercise for mobility of a joint. falls into two categories: active or passive. Active ROM exercise involves voluntary movement of a limb through an arc of movement; passive ROM exercise involves the therapist's moving the limb without patient assistance

Resistance exercise

form of active movement in which some form of resistance is provided to increase muscular strength and endurance

Resisted test

test that allows the therapist to determine the general strength of a muscle group and assess whether any pain is produced with the muscle contraction

Short-wave diathermy

use electromagnetic energy to produce deep therapeutic heating effects

Soft tissue mobilization

variety of "hands on" techniques , including massage and myofascial release, designed to improve movement and decrease pain or swelling

Special tests

Test design for examination specific joints to indicate the presence or absence of a particular problem

Sprain

Overstretching of a joint ligament accompanied by a tearing of the fibers, causing pain and instability of the joint.

Strain

Tearing of muscle fibers caused by a sudden contraction of a muscle or excessive stretch to the muscle

Strength

The amount of forced produced during a voluntary muscular contraction

Subjective examination

interview of the patient about the extent and nature of an injury; a qualitative measurement based on the patient's perception of the problem

Tendinitis

inflammation of a tendon, a structure that is located at the ends of muscles and attaches muscle to bone

Tendinopathies

disorder of a tendon

Tendinosis

degeneration of a tendon from overuse

Thermal agent

agent used to modify the temperature of surrounding tissue, resulting in a change in the amount of blood flow to the injured area

Ultrasound

Therapeutic application of high-frequency sound waves that penetrate through tissue and caused an increase in the tissue temperature to promote healing and reduce pain

Whirlpool

tank of water used in hydrotherapy for immersing a body part or the entire body

activities of daily living (ADL)

Activities in which individuals participate daily to meet their basic needs. Examples include bathing, dressing, using the toilet, and eating.

Balance

Ability to maintain the body's center of gravity over the base of support

Clinical practice guidelines

Systematically developed evidence-based statements designed to help the clinician manage specific help conditions

Dysfunction

any functional disability

Palpation

An examination technique using light touch with your hand and fingers to the surface of the body to determine the quality of tissue structures