Healthful living test Q1

How much does the brain weigh

about 3 pounds

Largest part of the brain mostly consisting of the cortex and is divided into four lobes

Fore brain

Acts as a relay station that sends information to the forebrain and

Hindbrain. The forebrain will send a signal to the midbrain if something

needs to be done. Located in the top of the brainstem. (controls movement

and processes vision)

Midbrain

Includes the upper spinal cord, brain stem, and cerebellum. Is in charge of

the involuntary actions DIgesting food, heartbeat, etc.

Hindbrain

deal with Decision making, organized behavior, not fully developed until mid 20s

(ex making a schedule). Connected to smell

Frontal lobe

has to do with all of our senses and movement. (Ex. eating a good meal) Connected to touch and taste

Parietal lobe

focuses on our vision (Ex. looking at a picture) connected to vision

Occipital lobe

controls our emotions and hearing (Ex. listening to music) connected to hearing

Temporal lobe

Center of the nervous system

brain

when does your brain fully develop

at 25 years old

is referred to as the emotional side of the brain as they are responsible for

our emotions. is the area where emotions such as pleasure, fear, reward,

and arousal originate

Limbic system

Is a chemical mostly associated with building bonds and intimacy with another person.

Oxytocin

An automatic response without input from the brain (happens before you realize what is happening)

reflex

a rare, dangerous condition where a person is unable to feel pain

Congenital insensitivity to pain

when the brain pairs two or more senses together

synesthesia

The reactivation of certain neurons where the same neurons used in a certain event are used activate the same pattern

A memory

when your brain decides whether a memory is important to keep

Encode

Active connections tend to get stronger, whereas those that are not
used get weaker and can eventually disappear entirely

Use it or lose it principle and pruning.

The persistent changes in the strength of connections (synapses) between brain cells is

Synaptic plasticity

Memory involves these parts of the brain

hippocampus, cortex, and amygdala

Processing and consolidates memories

hippocampus

is important in the formation of new memories as well as connecting emotions and senses to memories.

The amygdala

Connected with the hippocampus, Cortex, and amygdala

Explicit memories

Connected to the basal ganglia and cerebellum

Implicit memories

Progressive memory disorder

ex. Alzheimers

Immediate memory disorder

ex. traumatic head injury

Hippocampus was removed in a surgery

Patient lost any way of creating new memories and proved hippocampus is not the site for storing permanent memories.

when do you peak in your total amount of brain cells

10 years old

Why is pruning necessary?

Pruning helps weed out the connections that aren’t needed and help the efficiency of the brain.

What is being developed in the adolescent brain

The adolescent brain is strengthening the frontal cortex and the brain’s decision making. The brain is also trying to understand reading other people’s emotions.

What are the electrical signals in our neurons called

Action potential

Neurotransmitters are released from __________, spread across the ______, and attach to _________ on the target cell

nerve terminals, synapse, receptors

Which parts of the brain deal with the reward system

amygdala, prefrontal cortex, and the nucleus accumbens

The gap between two neurons

Synapse

The brain’s chemical messengers

neurotransmitters

how many kinds of neurotransmitters are there

Over 100

where are neurotransmitters released from ___ and attach on the ____

Nerve terminals, Target sale

What happens when you use certain synapses more

The synapses become stronger and the information is more likely to be conveyed and will be more efficient.

GABA, Acetylcholine, and Glutamate

Are used for Calming, learning, memory (in that order)

processes the reward and releases dopamine for you to chase what you love and want.

Nucleus Accumbens

a person’s need to feel like they belong to a  “social” group

affiliation

is a hormone and neurotransmitter, released during sex, childbirth, and lactation to aid in reproductive functions 

Oxytocin

Both aggression and affiliation use this

The reward triad

coordinates agrresive behavior

hypothalamus

basic unit of the brain

neuron

how many neurons are in the brain

over 100 billion

The part of the neuron where messages are sent throughout the body. occurs between the gap of two neurons and info is sent through this.

synapse

How is the brain being remodled

The brain is strengthening important connection through mylenation and is pruning the things we don’t need.

What is mylenation

as a neuron develops a fatty layer of myelin is developed around the axon making the brain faster

Why is remodling important

Remodling helps the brain develop into a faster and more connected brain for when it fully matures