MODULE 9: CLASSIFICATION OF ANESTHETICS

Inhalant anesthetics

is in the form of gas or vapors via inhalation.

Methoxyflurane

the most popular inhalant anesthetic used in small animals in the old-old days.

More potent than halothane and nitrous oxide.

true

In horses when methoxyflurane is improperly administered, it causes unwanted and prolonged recovery.

True

Methoxyflurane, bypasses stage II, therefore it will not show signs of stage II it will go directly to stage III.

Cardiac arrhythmia

Methoxyflurane’s side effect (addtnl: it can be abolished by atropine)

true

Administration of epinephrine can cause arrhythmia during methoxyflurane anesthesia.

halothane

human anesthetic that is most popular in 1960, and it is now called enflurane.

It bypasses stage II.

true

It is prohibited to give halothane/enflurane when performing neurosurgery, because it produces more CSF.

halothane

poor choice anesthetic for patients with heart disease.

Apnea

breathing stop while asleep or almost no airflow.

tachypnea

rapid breathing

Acetaminophen (paracetamol)

hepatotoxicity (liver poisoning) is enhanced by this medication in UK

true

when you use halothane, do not give aminoglycosides to the animal due to muscle contraction.

Thymol

Drug companies add this to halothane to reduce decomposition.

landrace, Poland china, and Pietrain

Halothane causes malignant hypothermia in these breeds of pig.

Nitrous oxide

this is recommended for maintenance of ketamine anesthesia (especially in humans)

methoxyflurane, halothane (enflurane), nitrous oxide

major inhalant anesthetics.

ether

Oxidase in air, moisture, and light, thus forming peroxidases.

Improper storage causes expolsion.

nausea and vomiting

complication of light etherisation.

neomycin

It should not be given to a patient who is given ether as an anesthetic, as it can cause death.

pneumonia and other respiratory disease

Contraindications of ether.

chloroform

used as an euthanizing agent.

it is also used in the solvent industry, production of antibiotics, and cleaning agents.

ether & chloroform

Minor inhalant anesthetic

Ethyl chloride

better to be used in industrial companies

carbon dioxide

used as euthanizing agent in food producing animals especially in slaughterhouses.

true

The residue of carbon dioxide is easily excreted.

Tricaine methane sulfonate

An anesthetic is recommended in fish, especially in transporting them.

ethyl chloride, carbon dioxide, and tricaine methane sulfonate

Other inhalant anesthetic

Enflurane

This is a new inhalant anesthetics that causes muscle twitching.

Thiopental / thiamylal / Diazepam

treat for seizures as side effect of enflurane

true

Enflurane should not be given in neurosurgery.

true

enflurane and thiamylal anesthesia decrease body temperature.

Isoflurane

This anesthesia triggers malignant hyperthermia in swine.

enhance the action of succinylcholine.

vapors

gaseous state anesthetics but ambient temperature and pressure is liquid.

gaseous

Exist in gaseous form at room temperature and sea level pressure. (e.g. nitrous oxide)

Enflurane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, aliflurane

New inhalant anesthetics