Present Subjunctive

When is the present subjunctive used?

It’s often used after verbs expressing:

• Wishes or desires

• Doubt or uncertainty

• ‘subjective’ views

• Triggered by a certain phrase

What is the formula for the present subjunctive?

• Start with the yo form in the present tense of the verb

• Drop the -o ending

• Replace it with the present subjunctive endings

What are the -ar endings?

-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en

What are the -ir and -er endings?

-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an

-ar and -er stem-changing verbs

e → ie, o → ue in all forms except nosotros and vosotros.

-ir stem-changing verbs:

e → ie or o → ue in all forms, but in nosotros and vosotros, e → i and o → u.