BIO 101 EXAM #1

Covers the following Biology 101 Topics: - Macromolecules - Cellular Respiration - Plant + Animal Cells Organelles and Structures along with their functions

Stoma

Semi fluid in the chloroplast

ATP synthase

Enzyme for ATP production

ATP

Molecule for cellular work

Ingredients for Krebs/Citric Acid cycle

ATP, NADPH, CO2

Requires water first for electron provision

Photosystem 2

Location of Photosystems

Thylakoids

Molecules in light reaction

ATP, NADPH, O2

Monosaccharides

Simple sugars like Glucose

Chloroplast Function

Converts sunlight to energy

Golgi Apparatus Function

Sorts/packages/distributes proteins, lipids, and other molecules out of the cell

Mitochondria Function

Produces ATP

Smooth ER Function

Synthesizes lipids, detoxifies molecules

Rough ER Function

Synthesizes proteins

Lysosomes Function

Recycles cellular waste

Nucleus Function

Contains DNA

Central Vacuole Function

Stores nutrients

Cell wall Function

Provides rigidity and structural strength

Ribosomes Function

Synthesize proteins

What does Hydrolysis Do?

Breaks bonds with water

What does Dehydration Synthesis do?

Links monomers

4 Macromolecules?

Carbs, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins

What is mRNA?

Messenger for amino acids

Polysaccharides

Chitin, Starch, Glycogen, Cellulose

Monomers of macromolecules?

Glycerol, fatty acids, amino acids, nucleotides, monosaccharides

2 Major Cells?

Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

Components of Prokaryotes

Pili, Capsule, Genomic DNA, Ribosomes, Flagellum, Plasma membrane, Cell wall

Components of Amino Acids

Amino Group, Carboxyl group, Side group

Waste product in cellular respiration

CO2

Abundant in Krebs/Citric acid Cycle

NADH

Abundant in pyruvate oxidation

Acetyl CoA

Products of Cellular Respiration

ATP, CO2, H2O

Requirements in cellular respiration

Oxygen and ATP

Molecules produced in light reaction

ATP, NADPH, CO2

Purpose of Electron Transport Chain?

Create a hydrogen Ion Gradient

Products of fermentation

Lactic acid and Ethanol

Purpose of fermentation

Regenerate NAD+ from NADH, allowing glycolysis to continue producing ATP

What molecules does Glycolysis produce and how many

2 pyruvate molecules, 2 NADH, 2 Net ATP (4 total)

Where does glycolysis occur?

Cytoplasm

Where does Pyruvate Oxidation occur?

Inter membrane space of mitochondria

Where does krebs/citric acid cycle occur?

Matrix of the mitochondria

Where does Electron Transport Chain occur?

Inner membrane of the mitochondria

Where does chemiosmosis occur?

Inner membrane of the mitochondria

Products of Electron Transport Chain

ATP and H2O

Byproduct of cellular respiration

H2O or Water

Last acceptor of cellular respiration

O2 or Oxygen

Examples of Lipid Fats

Saturated, Unsaturated, Steroids, Phospholipids

What is considered a “good” fat

Unsaturated, double bonded

What is considered a “bad” fat

Saturated, single bonded

Product of Krebs/Citric Acid Cycle

Sugar

Organelle responsible for photosynthesis

Chloroplast