CRM 2300

Common law is often thought of as ____________ law.

unwritten

The common law is energized by reliance on ____________________.

customary and communal norms of behavior

The Charter applies to the Parliament and government of Canada and to the __________________________________________ of each province.

legislature and government

A _______ arrest involves actual physical seizure or touching of the person's body with the idea of detaining him or her.

custodial

A ___________ arrest is effected through the use of words of arrest, so long as the person submits to the arrest and goes with the person making the arrest.

symbolic

Section 494 of the Code limits a private citizen's power of arrest to _____________ situations.

three

A peace officer's powers of arrest without a warrant are determined in section ________ of the Code.

495

_________ offences are the most serious in the criminal law.

Indictable

At the beginning of the trial the accused is _____________.

arraigned

If the person charged pleads _____________, the trial will proceed.

not guilty

In a jury trial, the ______ is the trier of law and the _____ is the trier of fact.

judge, jury

Two Models of the Criminal Process: _____________ and _____________.

Due Process

The common law is not collected or contained in any one ________________________.

authoritative code

The Charter's legal rights provisions impose ________________________ upon the investigative powers of police.

constitutional restraints

Rights under the Charter are subject to such _____________________________________________________ in a free and democratic society.

reasonable limits prescribed by law as can be demonstrably justified

_____________ offences are those where the Crown elects to proceed either summarily or by indictment.

Hybrid

The Criminal Code requires that persons arrested and held in police custody be brought before a _______ without unreasonable delay and in any event within ____ hours.

justice, 24

When the accused appears in court he or she will be _____________.

arraigned

At a relatively early stage in the court proceedings an accused person is entitled to __________________.

disclosure

The Crown has a corresponding duty to provide, ________________ of all relevant information in the supporting materials to the Crown.

disclosure

Unless the offence is either one of __________ or ___________ jurisdiction or a hybrid offence that the Crown has elected to try by indictment may choose his or her ____ of trial.

exclusive, absolute, mode

If a __________ trial, the judge gives the jury an 'instruction' setting out the law.

jury

At the beginning of the trial the accused is '__________' entails the formal charges being read aloud.

arraigned

Subject to any ____________ or _____________, judges have a number of sentencing options.

minimums, maximums

The ___________ may also appeal an acquittal as well as the sentence.

prosecution

The two models of the criminal process are crime control and _________________

Due Process

Common law has a historical ____________________ that means that judge-made law forms will prevail.

pedigree

The Charter imposes constitutional ____________ upon the investigative powers of police.

restraints

A private citizen's power of arrest is limited to three _____________.

situations

The Criminal Code requires people arrested and held in police custody to be brought before a _____________ without unreasonable delay.

justice

The role of the judge in a jury trial is as the trier of _______.

law

A peace officer is empowered to make a ____________ arrest where a person has committed an indictable offense.

warrantless

_____________ is when the charges are read in court to the accused.

Arraignment

There are minimum constitutional _____________ for police and judges in Canada.

requirements

The Charter was entrenched in _____________.

1982

The Crown has a duty to provide _____________ of all relevant information.

disclosure

When an accused appears in court, he or she will be _____________ at the beginning of the trial.

arraigned

The accused may appeal both the finding of _______ and the sentence.

guilt

An arrest can be effected either by _____________ or by use of words.

physical seizure

With a ___________ arrest, the person submits to the arrest and goes with the person making the arrest.

symbolic

A peace officer can make an arrest without a ____________.

warrant

Indictable offenses are the _____________ serious in the criminal law.

most

Rights under the Charter are subject to reasonable ____________.

limits

Summary offenses are _____________ serious than indictable ones.

less

The accused may choose his or her _____________ of trial.

mode

In a _____________ trial, the judge gives an instruction setting out the law.

jury

At the beginning of a trial the accused is _____________.

arraigned

Judges have sentencing options, including discharging an offender ______________.

absolutely or conditionally

Conviction appeals may be based on questions of _______, _______, or mixed law and fact.

law, fact

Plea of _____________ indicates a trial will proceed.

not guilty