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Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade
A system involving the transport of African captives to America, raw materials to Europe, and manufactured goods back to Africa.
Thingification
The act of reducing a person to an object, stripping them of their humanity.
Chattel Enslavement
Enslaved individuals treated as property, bought and sold.
King Buzzards
Souls of Africans who aided Europeans, believed to eternally wander after death.
Tight Packing
Loading ships with an excessive number of slaves to maximize profits, leading to high mortality rates.
Loose Packing
Loading ships with fewer slaves to reduce death rates; proven ineffective.
Breeding
Forced marriages among enslaved people to increase the slave population.
Seasoning Process
The adjustment period for newly enslaved individuals categorized into Creole, Old Africans, and New Africans.
Renaming
The practice of giving enslaved people new names, often Christian or Roman, as part of their seasoning.
Drivers
Black overseers responsible for managing enslaved work, often using whips.
Hierarchy and Race
A system developed with slavery that categorizes people based on physical traits for social and economic control.
European Imperial Ambitions
The justification for enslaving non-Christians and non-Europeans.
Methods of Acquisition
Ways in which enslaved individuals were captured, including war, crime, and debts.
March to the Coast
The journey enslaved individuals made, often 60-400 miles long, with a high death rate.
Holding Prisons (Barracoons)
Makeshift prisons where captives were held; 'prison' lacked a direct translation in many African languages.
Baptism and Branding
The process of forcibly converting enslaved individuals to Christianity and marking them with brands.
The Atlantic Crossing
The perilous sea journey where significant mortality rates occurred among enslaved Africans and crew members.
Fear of Cannibalism
A fear held by Africans that spurred escape attempts during the Atlantic Crossing.
Bonding Through Suffering
The formation of a shared identity among enslaved Africans through collective suffering and resistance.
Forms of Punishment
Methods used against enslaved individuals, including whippings, chaining, and severe corporal punishment.
Redefining Community
Establishing bonds among enslaved people that transcended blood relations based on shared experiences of abuse.
Social Stratification
The ranking of individuals based on race, heritage, and immigration status.
Mortality Rate During Middle Passage
5-20% of enslaved Africans did not survive the journey across the Atlantic.
Psychological Control
Techniques used to instill fear and maintain dominance over enslaved individuals.
African Diaspora
The spread of African people and culture globally due to the slave trade.
Forts
Large complexes built for holding captured Africans before transport.
Common Elements
Shared characteristics among slave narratives, including war captives and holding pens.
Old Africans
Enslaved individuals who were long-term residents in the Americas.
Creole
Enslaved individuals born in America.
New Africans
Recently arrived enslaved individuals, considered 'unbroken'.
Survival Rate Post-Seasoning
Only 25-33% of newly arrived Africans typically survived the seasoning process.
Concept of Race
Developed alongside slavery, categorizing individuals based on their physical attributes.
Etymology of 'Slave'
Derived from the Latin 'sclavus', referring to enslaved Europeans in ancient times.
Early Enslavement of Indigenous Peoples
Initial enslavement of Native Americans that declined due to disease and resistance.
Islamic Enslavement
Islamic individuals could not enslave other Muslims, reflecting religious prohibitions.
Pawns
Family members held as collateral during the delivery of war captives.
Common Elements in Slave Experiences
Shared trauma among enslaved individuals such as war, transport, and abuse in captivity.
African Identity in the Americas
Initially defined by cultural and linguistic ties rather than physical skin color.
Psychological Effects of Enslavement
The mental impacts of captivity and dehumanization faced by enslaved individuals.
Resistance Forms
Cultural and ideological resistance strategies employed by enslaved Africans.
Cultural Resistance
Maintaining African cultural traditions in the face of oppression and enslavement.
Legal Recognition of Marriage
Enslaved individuals' marriages were not legally recognized.
Measurement of Enslavement
Practices and systems used to quantify and manage enslaved populations.
Economic Foundations of Slavery
The role of slavery in establishing wealth and economic systems in the Americas.
Migrations of Enslaved Peoples
Patterns of movement and forced relocation within slavery systems.
Health Consequences of Enslavement
Long-term health effects faced by enslaved individuals due to poor conditions.
Community Networks Among Enslaved Individuals
The formation of non-familial networks for mutual support and survival.
Cultural Syncretism
The blending of African and European cultures arising from the slave experience.