General Biology Reviewer

What did Mendel choose for his hybridization experiments?

Mendel studied Garden Peas for inheritance patterns.

What is the Law of Dominance?

Hybrid offspring inherit only the dominant trait in the phenotype.

What does the Law of Segregation state?

Each parent passes one hereditary factor to offspring; allele pairs segregate during gamete formation.

What is the key outcome of a Monohybrid Cross?

F2 generation shows a 3:1 ratio of dominant to recessive traits.

What does the Law of Independent Assortment imply?

Trait pairs segregate independently during gamete formation; inheritance of one trait does not affect another.

What is Codominance?

Both alleles are expressed fully, resulting in a third phenotype.

What does a pedigree diagram represent?

A visual representation used to study the inheritance of traits and diseases across multiple generations.

What is the difference between Autosomal Dominant and Autosomal Recessive inheritance?

In Autosomal Dominant, only one copy of the dominant allele is needed for expression; in Autosomal Recessive, both copies must be present.

What is the purpose of genetic engineering?

To change the DNA in living organisms to create something new.

What is cloning in genetics?

The process of making identical or nearly identical copies of an organism, cell, or DNA sequence.

What are the three domains of life?

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

What is microevolution?

Small-scale changes happening in specific families or species.

What does the term 'gene pool' refer to?

The total collection of genes and alleles present in a population at a given time.

What is a restriction enzyme?

An enzyme that cuts DNA at a specific code.

What is the significance of the Founder Effect in genetic drift?

It leads to a loss of genetic variation when a small group forms a new population.

What is the main contribution of Linnaeus’ classification system?

It provides a hierarchical classification of organisms.

What are homologous structures?

Structures with different functions but similar evolutionary origins.

What is the difference between 'Phenotype' and 'Genotype'?

Phenotype is the observable traits, while genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism.