Sociology: Education

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what do functionalists believe education is for

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1

what do functionalists believe education is for

  • educates children and benefits all of society

  • learn the norms and values of society

  • creates social cohesion

  • gives people specialist skills

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2

what do marxists believe education is for

  • preparing you for capitalism, oppression and exploitation

  • it mirrors the values of the bourgeoisie

  • imposes the views of the upper class on to children

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3

Durkheim

  • functionalist

  • focuses on secondary socilaisation

  • particularistic and universalistic values

  • social cohesion and social solidarity

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4

what is social cohesion

where everyone in society is getting along

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5

what is social solidarity

where everyone agrees on societal values

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6

how do marxists disagree with durkheim

  • question where the values come from

  • question who the values serve

  • they argue that the powerful in society use education to show their own views

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7

how is durkheims study outdated

  • post-modernists would believe school is preparing us for am outdated society as the curriculum hasn’t changed since 1950

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8

how does the education system encourage individualism no social solidarity (durkheim)

  • educational norms discourage collaborative thinking as you are always competing

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9

how did durkheim argue that school is a mini version of society

  • restaurant teaches how to queue

  • assemblies teach how to respect people above you

  • PSHE prepares you will life skills

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10

Parsons

  • functionalist

  • is influenced by Durkheim

  • focuses on role allocation

  • meritocracy

  • achieved and ascribed status

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11

whats is role allocation

school helps you decide what role you want in the future by seeing what your good at

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12

how do marxists disagree with parsons

  • meritocracy is a myth

  • they think the proletariat is persuaded to think the rich got their jobs through achieved status

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13

how do bowels and gintis disgree with parsons

  • they studied how IQ played a small part in peoples success

  • and showed economic success was based on social class, ethnicity, and gender

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14

parsons said education is a bring between home and work

  • school teaches things the household cant

  • educations shows role allocation

  • without school no one is prepared

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15

what did bowels and gintis study

the correspondence principle

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16

what is the correspondence principle

  • school mirrors the workplace

  • assemblies in school and staff meetings at work - teach respect

  • uniform in school and dress code at work - teaches follow the rules

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17

bowels and gintis

  • marxists

  • correspondence principle

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18

how to critisize bowels and gintis

  • in the past students are taught to agree with everything now you are taught to have your own opinion

  • workplaces want an inclusive workforce

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19

paul willis

  • marxist

  • working class students doing working class jobs

  • subcultures e.g. the lads

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20

paul willis critcisms

  • hawthorne effect - people act differently under observation

  • some students choose to fail, which benefits capitalism as the bourgeoisie stay rich

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21

what is the formal curriculum

  • science

  • history

  • english

  • things that are specifically taught

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22

what is the hidden curriculum

  • respect

  • rules

  • gender role application

  • things that arent specifically taught but you learn anyway

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23

what is a comprehensive school

  • aims to educate all students rgardless of race, gender or background

  • everyone has access to the same level of education

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24

what are the advantage of comprehensive schools

  • everyone is accepted

  • cheaper

  • no entrance exam

  • social solidarity (Durkheim)

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25

what are the disadvantages of comprehensive schools

  • disruptive behaviour

  • people may fall behind

  • limited choice for parents if the school is bad

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26

what is a specialist school

  • recieve additional funding for a certain subject

  • replaced by academies

  • ended in 2010

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27

what are the advantages of a specialist school

  • you could pass on specialist knowledge to others

  • more money in the system

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28

what are the disadvantages of a specialist school

  • only specialised in one area

  • loss of education on everything else

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29

what is an academy

  • independent schools set up by sponsors

  • more control over finances

  • st james is an example

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30

what are the advantages of an academy

  • more control over finances

  • more control over curriculum

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31

what are the disadvantages of an academy

  • gave schools over to private owners

  • may be poor standard

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32

what is a special school

  • school for people with special needs

  • gives parents choice for their children

  • some are funded by the local gov. and some are independant

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33

what are the advantages of a special school

  • provides support with children for special needs

  • qualified teachers

  • extra equipment if its needed

  • students are more included

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34

wat are the disadvantages of a special school

  • hard to get into

  • expensive

  • doesnt prepare you for real life

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35

what is a free school

  • funded by the government

  • can be set up by teachers, parents

  • doesnt need qualified teachers

  • dont need to follow the national curriculum

  • no run for financial profit

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36

what are the advantages of a free school

  • control over curriculum

  • control over teachers pay

  • high academic standards

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37

what are the disadvantages of a free school

  • no qualified teachers

  • doesnt follow the national curriculum

  • they can be unorthodox

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38

what is a faith school

  • run the same as state schools

  • learn about a specific faith

  • dont have to follow the national curriculum

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39

what are the advantages of a faith school

  • learn about different faiths

  • learn specifically about your faith

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40

what are the disadvatages of a faith school

  • may focus on one faith and not teach others

  • may only pick people who believe in a specific religion

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41

what is a grammar school

  • tests are taken to get into the school

  • state funded

  • there is one in Altringham

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42

what are the advantages of grammar schools

  • people with a similar intelligence

  • no disruptive behaviour

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43

what are the disadvantages of grammar schools

  • the test is logic and common sense, you may not have been exposed to it

  • only test one type of knowledge

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44

what is a private school

  • where parents have to pay

  • higher standards

  • smaller classrooms

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45

what are the advantages of private school

  • smaller classrooms

  • similar people

  • higher standards

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46

what are the disadvantages of a private school

  • miss out of social cohesion

  • have to pay to get in

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47

what is home schooling

the education of a child is completed for their home and possibly by parents

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48

what is de-schooling

a philosophy that promotes children choosing what they want to learn created by Illich

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49

what is a democratic school

a school where students are trusted to take responsibility for their own learning e.g. summer hill

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50

what are the advantages on democratic schooling

  • learn more because you choose what your interested in

  • diverse

  • stops people growing up to fast

  • not ready for oppression (bowels and gintis)

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51

what are the disadvantages of a democratic school

  • dont get a well rounded education

  • dont get qualifications

  • not learning life skills

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52

what are the advantages of de-schooling

  • better for mental health

  • people arent passive because they choose thier interests

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53

what are the disadvantages of de-schooling

  • wont learn social norms and values

  • not ready for the working world

  • they are only learning hobbies not real subjects

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54

what are the advantages of home schooling

  • less pressure

  • more socialising

  • better mental health

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55

what are the disadvantages of home schooling

  • relies on the interest of parents

  • no social cohesions

  • only learn particularistic values

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56

things that affects success at school - internal

  • reward systems

  • good teachers

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57

things that affects success at school - external

  • good attitude

  • motivation

  • positive environment

  • parent motivation

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58

things that affects unsuccessfulness - internal

  • peer pressure

  • tests

  • labelling

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59

things that affects unsuccessfulness - external

  • home life

  • bad attitude

  • parental low expectations

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60

interactionism

things happen because of the way people interact

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61

what are internal factors that affects educational achievement

  • setting - being put in classes based on how smart you are

  • streaming - being put in the same class overall

  • labelling - being seen as a certain way by teachers

  • subcultures - the friend group your in

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62

what are external factors that affects educational achievement

  • material deprivation - being without necessary things e.g. shelter

  • cultural deprivation - being without experiences

  • language barriers - elaborative and restricted code

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63

what is the halo effect (labelling)

when a teachers things your amazing, so the student tries to live up to standards, teachers pays more attention to the child, SELF FULLFILLING PROPHECY

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64

Becker

  • interactionist

  • labelling

  • halo effect

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65

how does socialisation affect the education for child

for example if an adult commits a crime the child wont know the difference between right and wrong

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66

how might parental attitudes affect achievement - positive

  • if a parent encourages a child to read at night then they will probably do it so the child will excel at english

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67

how might parental attitudes affect achievement - negative

  • if a parents doesnt encourage the child to do anything the child will feel uncared for and begin to under achieve

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68

what is elaborative code

more explicit language, so it would be better for tings like your English GCSE - so if you are posh and speak I elaborative code you will do better than others

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69

what is restrictive code

you have a very limited vocabulary, tends to be the working class

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70

bernstein

completed the study of language barriers

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