what do functionalists believe education is for
educates children and benefits all of society
learn the norms and values of society
creates social cohesion
gives people specialist skills
what do marxists believe education is for
preparing you for capitalism, oppression and exploitation
it mirrors the values of the bourgeoisie
imposes the views of the upper class on to children
Durkheim
functionalist
focuses on secondary socilaisation
particularistic and universalistic values
social cohesion and social solidarity
what is social cohesion
where everyone in society is getting along
what is social solidarity
where everyone agrees on societal values
how do marxists disagree with durkheim
question where the values come from
question who the values serve
they argue that the powerful in society use education to show their own views
how is durkheims study outdated
post-modernists would believe school is preparing us for am outdated society as the curriculum hasn’t changed since 1950
how does the education system encourage individualism no social solidarity (durkheim)
educational norms discourage collaborative thinking as you are always competing
how did durkheim argue that school is a mini version of society
restaurant teaches how to queue
assemblies teach how to respect people above you
PSHE prepares you will life skills
Parsons
functionalist
is influenced by Durkheim
focuses on role allocation
meritocracy
achieved and ascribed status
whats is role allocation
school helps you decide what role you want in the future by seeing what your good at
how do marxists disagree with parsons
meritocracy is a myth
they think the proletariat is persuaded to think the rich got their jobs through achieved status
how do bowels and gintis disgree with parsons
they studied how IQ played a small part in peoples success
and showed economic success was based on social class, ethnicity, and gender
parsons said education is a bring between home and work
school teaches things the household cant
educations shows role allocation
without school no one is prepared
what did bowels and gintis study
the correspondence principle
what is the correspondence principle
school mirrors the workplace
assemblies in school and staff meetings at work - teach respect
uniform in school and dress code at work - teaches follow the rules
bowels and gintis
marxists
correspondence principle
how to critisize bowels and gintis
in the past students are taught to agree with everything now you are taught to have your own opinion
workplaces want an inclusive workforce
paul willis
marxist
working class students doing working class jobs
subcultures e.g. the lads
paul willis critcisms
hawthorne effect - people act differently under observation
some students choose to fail, which benefits capitalism as the bourgeoisie stay rich
what is the formal curriculum
science
history
english
things that are specifically taught
what is the hidden curriculum
respect
rules
gender role application
things that arent specifically taught but you learn anyway
what is a comprehensive school
aims to educate all students rgardless of race, gender or background
everyone has access to the same level of education
what are the advantage of comprehensive schools
everyone is accepted
cheaper
no entrance exam
social solidarity (Durkheim)
what are the disadvantages of comprehensive schools
disruptive behaviour
people may fall behind
limited choice for parents if the school is bad
what is a specialist school
recieve additional funding for a certain subject
replaced by academies
ended in 2010
what are the advantages of a specialist school
you could pass on specialist knowledge to others
more money in the system
what are the disadvantages of a specialist school
only specialised in one area
loss of education on everything else
what is an academy
independent schools set up by sponsors
more control over finances
st james is an example
what are the advantages of an academy
more control over finances
more control over curriculum
what are the disadvantages of an academy
gave schools over to private owners
may be poor standard
what is a special school
school for people with special needs
gives parents choice for their children
some are funded by the local gov. and some are independant
what are the advantages of a special school
provides support with children for special needs
qualified teachers
extra equipment if its needed
students are more included
wat are the disadvantages of a special school
hard to get into
expensive
doesnt prepare you for real life
what is a free school
funded by the government
can be set up by teachers, parents
doesnt need qualified teachers
dont need to follow the national curriculum
no run for financial profit
what are the advantages of a free school
control over curriculum
control over teachers pay
high academic standards
what are the disadvantages of a free school
no qualified teachers
doesnt follow the national curriculum
they can be unorthodox
what is a faith school
run the same as state schools
learn about a specific faith
dont have to follow the national curriculum
what are the advantages of a faith school
learn about different faiths
learn specifically about your faith
what are the disadvatages of a faith school
may focus on one faith and not teach others
may only pick people who believe in a specific religion
what is a grammar school
tests are taken to get into the school
state funded
there is one in Altringham
what are the advantages of grammar schools
people with a similar intelligence
no disruptive behaviour
what are the disadvantages of grammar schools
the test is logic and common sense, you may not have been exposed to it
only test one type of knowledge
what is a private school
where parents have to pay
higher standards
smaller classrooms
what are the advantages of private school
smaller classrooms
similar people
higher standards
what are the disadvantages of a private school
miss out of social cohesion
have to pay to get in
what is home schooling
the education of a child is completed for their home and possibly by parents
what is de-schooling
a philosophy that promotes children choosing what they want to learn created by Illich
what is a democratic school
a school where students are trusted to take responsibility for their own learning e.g. summer hill
what are the advantages on democratic schooling
learn more because you choose what your interested in
diverse
stops people growing up to fast
not ready for oppression (bowels and gintis)
what are the disadvantages of a democratic school
dont get a well rounded education
dont get qualifications
not learning life skills
what are the advantages of de-schooling
better for mental health
people arent passive because they choose thier interests
what are the disadvantages of de-schooling
wont learn social norms and values
not ready for the working world
they are only learning hobbies not real subjects
what are the advantages of home schooling
less pressure
more socialising
better mental health
what are the disadvantages of home schooling
relies on the interest of parents
no social cohesions
only learn particularistic values
things that affects success at school - internal
reward systems
good teachers
things that affects success at school - external
good attitude
motivation
positive environment
parent motivation
things that affects unsuccessfulness - internal
peer pressure
tests
labelling
things that affects unsuccessfulness - external
home life
bad attitude
parental low expectations
interactionism
things happen because of the way people interact
what are internal factors that affects educational achievement
setting - being put in classes based on how smart you are
streaming - being put in the same class overall
labelling - being seen as a certain way by teachers
subcultures - the friend group your in
what are external factors that affects educational achievement
material deprivation - being without necessary things e.g. shelter
cultural deprivation - being without experiences
language barriers - elaborative and restricted code
what is the halo effect (labelling)
when a teachers things your amazing, so the student tries to live up to standards, teachers pays more attention to the child, SELF FULLFILLING PROPHECY
Becker
interactionist
labelling
halo effect
how does socialisation affect the education for child
for example if an adult commits a crime the child wont know the difference between right and wrong
how might parental attitudes affect achievement - positive
if a parent encourages a child to read at night then they will probably do it so the child will excel at english
how might parental attitudes affect achievement - negative
if a parents doesnt encourage the child to do anything the child will feel uncared for and begin to under achieve
what is elaborative code
more explicit language, so it would be better for tings like your English GCSE - so if you are posh and speak I elaborative code you will do better than others
what is restrictive code
you have a very limited vocabulary, tends to be the working class
bernstein
completed the study of language barriers