Exam prep

What are the key traits that characterize life?

Cellular organization, reproduction, growth, energy use, homeostasis, environmental response, and adaptation.

Define biodiversity.

The variability of organisms in an area (ecosystem, biome, or planet).

How many species are estimated to exist on Earth?

Approximately 8.75 million species.

What type of diversity focuses on ecosystems like grasslands and tropical rainforests?

Ecosystem Diversity.

What is species diversity about?

It focuses on the fundamental classification of species capable of interbreeding.

What does genetic diversity allow within species?

Variation that allows adaptation, such as different dog breeds.

What abiotic factors influence biodiversity?

Temperature, precipitation, and topography.

How is ecological productivity measured?

In carbon production per unit area and time.

What are the main drivers of biodiversity loss?

Habitat loss and climate change.

Why are humans significant in the context of biodiversity?

Humans, though only 0.01% of biomass, significantly alter ecosystems, leading to species extinction.

What role do Indigenous Protected Areas play in conservation?

They focus on ecosystem-level protection to maintain biodiversity.

What is the goal of the global restoration efforts regarding biodiversity?

To restore biodiversity by planting 1 trillion trees while avoiding monocultures.

What do the ecological footprint and biocapacity measure?

The ecological footprint measures land required for resources and waste; biocapacity indicates resource availability.

Why is biodiversity important?

It enhances ecosystem resilience, supports nutrient cycling, and ensures food security.