Science musculoskeletal system

Musculoskeletal system structure

Ligaments, joints, tendons, skeletal muscle, bones, fascia

Function of skeletal muscles

Produce movement, maintain posture, body temp, reserve energy, gaurd through relaxation/contraction

Functions of muscles

control heart beat, generate force+movement from nervesystem,

contractions

short + lengthen, stay in the same position (rigid)

skeletal muscles

They surround bones, produce movement, made of muscle fibres and connective tissue.

skeletal muscle ex

triceps

The skeleton

Framework for bodies muscular system

long bone

acts as lever

Short bone

bear weight

flat bone

protection of organs

Irregular bones

variety, ex. muscle attachment

Bone Health

calcium, vitamin D, Exercise

Function of skeleton

Facilitates movement, protects internal organs, support body position, produce red blood cells, store/release minerals

Ligaments

Hold bones together by ^^spanning across joints^^, stabilise joints, and prevent movement in some ways

Tendons

==Connect== skeletal muscles to bones, ==strong== with little elasticity

Joints

connect bones to bones, moveable (knees) and unmoveable (skull)

structures in the musculoskeletal system

bones, skeletal muscle, cartilage, tendons, joints,fascia

Cartilage

Starts to make the bones structure that then hardens into bone, softer/less structured than bones, takes long to heal

Types of cartilage

Hyline, fibro and elastic

Function of cartilage

connective tissue between bones allows smooth movement, doesn’t hurt and bones don’t rub directly, has no nerves/blood vessels.

The %%structure%% of the joints %%defines%% the %%movement patterns%% they create

The structure of the joints define the movement patterns they create

The 3 layers of the bone

Periosteum (tough) , compact bone (hard white), spongy/trabecular bone

Muscle structure

is a group of soft muscle tissue made up of fibers

How Muscles work

The bundles of fibres receive signals from the nervous system which then generates force/motion through the contractions of fibres.

Bones have an inner core filled with

bone marrow which makes **stem cells**, which produce platelets and white and red blood cells.

Function of bones

Protection for some organs, stores calcium, support for body and make blood

Fascia

A thin casing of connective tissue, is elastic and has nerves

Smooth muscle

Lines blood vessels and certain organs

Function of Fascia

It surrounds and holds every organ, bloodvessel, bone, nerve fiber and muscle in place and is essential for posture/stance

Skeletal muscle

Attaches via tendons to our bones

Cardiac muscle

Only found in the heart

The muscle…and…vary to suit their…

shapes, structures, functions

Contractions of muscle fibers p1

Shortening and lengthening, opposing forces, 1 shortens and 1 lengthens/relaxes and contraction can be reversed.

Fast twitch of skeletal muscles

React instantly and quickly use up energy and tire out faster

Contractions of muscle fibers p2

Stabilizing force, doesn’t change, keeps rigid, can be used to hold/grip something and to maintain posture/position

Pivot

Movement only on 1 axis, can twist, eg. forearm

Slow twitch of skeletal muscles

Endurance cells, react and use energy slowly and can work for longer

Hinge

Movement only on 1 axis

Plane

Can glide or rotate, often in group eg. carpals of the hand

Ball and Socket

Allows movement in all axes, rotation, eg.shoulder

Ellipsoid

Can rotate on 2 axes, eg. wrist

Saddle

Can flex, extend, slightly rotate, circumduct etc. eg.thumb

What does the heart pump

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma